Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Chapter 3 LearningCurve

Terms in this set (65)

Jon is used to driving the same route home from work every day. Today he needs to stop to pick up a medicine from the drugstore. What relevant condition will Jon need to have while driving home?
-awareness
-motivation
-carelessness
-ability
awareness
Sanura has been asked to remember a nine-digit number while answering questions about her feelings towards different ethnicities. Which of the following conditions is taking over her cognitive system?
-ability
-awareness
-focus
-motivation
ability
Jordan rushes home to practice free throws every night. After much practice, he gains enough control that he does not really need to think about each shot. This development in Jordan is referred to as:
-explicit attitude
-automatization
-implicit association test
-implicit attitude
automatization
It is clear that Marcy is using her cognitive system to make a decision because her thought process:
-uses raw stimuli to interpret events
-is guided by automatic associations among stimuli, concepts, and behaviors
-uses a series of rules to fit ideas into logical patterns
-relies on misinterpreted pieces of information
uses a series of rules to fit ideas into logical patterns
Sheng walks through the shopping aisles and places items into his cart. He does not devote much conscious thought to each decision, but seems to know exactly what he would like to eat, and the decision feels like it is made for him. His gut feeling seems to guide him through the shopping. Which one of the five ways that the unconscious is smart relates to this point?
-memory consolidation occurs during sleep
-the motives that guide thinking often operate unconsciously
-unconscious mind wandering generates creative ideas
-intuition can facilitate sound decisions
intuition can facilitate sound decisions
Lorenzo sells a certain brand of televisions. He is quite knowledgeable about the brand, truly loves the product, and tells others how good the brand is. Which type of attitude would this be an example of?
-explicit
-implicit
-implicit association test
-automatization
explicit
Mikhail is teaching Gestalt psychology to his social psychology class. Which of the following might he say about this psychological perspective?
-it shows how all people view the same stimuli similarly
-it shows how the same person always views the same stimuli similarly
-it understands that a person plays an active role in their own perception of reality
-it demonstrates that all reality is objective
it understands that a person plays an active role in their own perception of reality
Nicola has a fundamental desire to learn. Without even thinking, she is often motivated to seek out new knowledge and learn new skills. Which one of the five ways that the unconscious is smart relates to this point?
-intuition can facilitate sound decisions
-the motives that guide thinking often operate unconsciously
-memory consolidation occurs during sleep
-unconscious mind wandering generates creative ideas
the motives that guide thinking often operate unconsciously
Anjani loves to cook. She has cracker so many eggs while braking that she effortlessly cracks eggs and puts them in the bowl without much thought. This is an example of what phenomenon?
-implicit attitudes
-implicit association test
-explicit attitudes
-automatization
automatization
Dr. Julow is a social psychologist. He studies ____ or the two different ways people process information:
-the experiential system
-dual process theories
-the cognitive system
-heuristics
dual process theories
Lucile is driving through a bustling city. She has to sort through relevant information while being bombarded with unnecessary information. According to social psychology, this scenario illustrates:
-information overload
-cognitive appeal
-information processing
-cognitive arousal
information overload
Without his knowledge, Vik changes his betting behavior because he experiences emotional responses with each betting option. Which of the following relates to the physiological feeling that Vik experiences while betting?
-categories
-schemas
-somatic marker hypothesis
-scripts
somatic marker hypothesis
Jackson has learned that if he doesn't take his dog out for a walk before bed, then he will wake up to a mess in the morning. Jackson now instinctually opens the door to let his dog out as he prepares to go to sleep. Which system is Jackson now using?
-dual process
-experiential
-cognitive
-heuristics
experiential
Amie studies Gestalt psychology. Her research demonstrates how the same stimulus can be viewed different ways by different people based on their perceptions and cognitions. This demonstrates that the whole is ____ the sum of its parts:
-less than
-equal to
-greater than
-meaningless compared to
greater than
Sandra is a health professional who has designed an intervention that is able to integrate feelings and emotions through the intuitive processing system. Her intervention probably works at a ____ level:
-unconscious
-medial
-conscious
-accessible
unconscious
Jake has been a supporter of Democrats all through his life. Every news report he reads online predicts a big win for Republicans in the election. He keeps reading articles until he finds one that predicts Democrats will win. He feels content with this article and does not read any additional articles. This is an example of which motive?
-the need for specific closure
-the need for accurate knowledge
-the need for ideation
-the need for nonspecific closure
the need for specific closure
Becky is designing a health intervention that integrates the intuitive processing system. Her intervention works at a ____ level:
-accesisble
-medial
-conscious
-unconscious
unconscious
Gut feelings can often predict later behaviors and satisfaction better than careful thinking about what potential actions. Which one of the five ways that the unconscious is smart relates to this point?
-the motives that guide thinking often operate unconsciously
-memory consolidation occurs during sleep
-unconscious mind wandering generates creative ideas
-intuition can facilitate sound decisions
intuition can facilitate sound decisions
Luke hears sirens while he is driving and, without his conscious awareness, emotionally reacts. He quickly pulls over to the side of the road. Which one of the five ways that the unconscious is smart relates to this point?
-the motives that guide thinking often operate unconsciously
-unconscious mind wandering generates creative ideas
-memory consolidation occurs during sleep
-unconscious emotional associations can promote beneficial decisions
unconscious emotional associations can promote beneficial decisions
Antonio believes people construct their understanding of reality. He would most directly fit the definition of a ____ psychologist:
-behavioral
-Gestalt
-clinical
-developmental
Gestalt
Burt is reading a pamphlet on quitting smoking. This might not be effective because ____ appeals may not be incredibly effective for health behaviors:
-accessible
-medial
-conscious
-unconscious
conscious
Bernardo is taking an implicit association test to measure his ____ toward various people based on skin tone:
-explicit attitudes
-unconscious attitudes
-automatization
-cognitive distraction
unconscious attitudes
Alejandro is exhausted from a long day of work. Two of his favorite TV shows are about to come on at the same time, and at this point he does not care which one he watches. This illustration is an example of which motive?
-the need for nonspecific closure
-the need for accurate knowledge
-the need for specific closure
-the need for ideation
the need for nonspecific closure
Brenda has cognitive associations and thoughts associated with herself, others, and how events should play out. These would all be examples of her:
-behaviors
-categories
-concepts
-schemas
schemas
Melissa is having difficulty remembering her mom's birthday, as it is not coming to her mind easily. This would relate to which cognitive dimension of schemas?
-accessibility
-priming
-salience
-associative networks
accessibility
Zion thinks that French people are snobby. When he visits France, he takes note of every instance when someone is rude to him, but does not pay much attention when he is treated politely. Zion's behavior reflects:
-self-fulfilling prophecy
-priming
-confirmation bias
-metaphor
confirmation bias
Regardless of the situation, Hosein is often polite and caring. What would this concept be called in cognitive psychology?
-experiential association
-associative network
-semantic association
-chronically accessible schema
chronically accessible schema
Javier is about to face his first job interview. Even though he has never had one before he knows what to expect because he has a ____ for "job interview:"
-impression
-category
-script
-self-concept
script
Jeb is classifying his dog, Spike. The classification goes along the lines of Spike is a Yorkie, is a dog, is a pet, is an animal. Which key term does this demonstrate?
-impressions
-categories
-scripts
-schemas
categories
George is about to fly for the first time in years. It takes him a long time to make it through airport security because he does not know the necessary procedures required, such as removing his laptop from its bad and emptying his pockets for the scanner. George does not have an updated ____ for flying:
-category
-impression
-self-concept
-script
script
In general, Dewayne has strong positive feelings toward his coworker Jim. What would these feelings be called in cognitive psychology?
-impressions
-category
-script
-self-concept
impressions
As Marco sipped his coffee he was reminded of the fresh coffee from his home country. This is because they are related in his mind. In cognitive psychology, what is this concept called?
-associative networks
-semantic associations
-experiential associations
-chronically accessible schemas
semantic associations
Mike and Dan have very different schemas regarding golf. However different their schemas might be, they both rely on the overall cognitive structure of schemas to organize information. The similar overall cognitive structure exists because schemas are:
-unknown
-culturally universal
-shaped by cultural experiences
-independent of biological and cultural influences
culturally universal
The phrase "Christmas is fast approaching" is an example of:
-confirmation bias
-priming
-metaphor
-self-fulfilling prophecy
metaphor
Miguel has negative stereotypes against people who drink and drive. What type of schema would this stereotype be considered in cognitive psychology?
-impression
-category
-script
-self-concept
impression
Clark thinks that his girlfriend is a kind person. When his girlfriend sends angry and hurtful text messages to an acquaintance, Clark assumes the acquaintance must have done something to deserve the harsh treatment. Clark's behavior reflects:
-priming
-confirmation bias
-self-fulfilling prophecy
-metaphor
confirmation bias
If a person has a schema for a particular event, such as playing golf, the individual will be well acquainted with the steps and processes of that event. Which type of schema will the follower of gold showcase?
-impression
-script
-category
-self-concept
script
Despite what others think, Jamal believes he is a talented baseball outfielder. What would his perception be called in cognitive psychology?
-impression
-category
-self-concept
-script
self-concept
Mordechai reads in a newspaper that Republicans want to deny all women what they need for reproductive health. This information finds its way into Mordechai's schema for "Republican." Which of the following has served as a cultural source of information for schemas?
-genetics
-genome
-mass media bias
-personality
mass media bias
Carlos believes he is an early riser. In cognitive psychology, what would this reflection be called?
-impression
-category
-script
-self-concept
self-concept
When Byron thinks about summer he thinks about friendship, no school, and his summer job. Which of the following concepts does Byron illustrate?
-accessibility
-associative networks
-salience
-priming
associative networks
When Ronaldo thinks of the beach he also thinks of the sun. This is because they are often linked together at similar times. According to cognitive psychology, what is this concept called?
-experiential associations
-associative networks
-semantic associations
-chronically accessible schemas
experiential associations
Thinking about a particular book by an author can call to mind similar works by the same author. This is because they fall into the same category. What is the cognitive term for this association?
-semantic associations
-experiential associations
-associative networks
-chronically accessible schemas
semantic associations
At a basic level, ____ shows one's thoughts are driven by one's desires and goals:
-motivated social cognition
-behaviorism
-priming
-the expectancy effect
motivated social cognition
In addition to motives, this term also plays a critical role in shaping social judgment:
-mood
-priming
-desires
-attractiveness
mood
An effective political ad used subliminal priming so that viewers would want to vote for the candidate featured in the ad. Based on this example, what is subliminal priming?
-priming that does not work
-priming to promote health
-priming that occurs at an unconscious level
-priming that works better than would be expected
priming that occurs at an unconscious level
If a person experiences a bad event, then they will begin to process the world differently. What is this called?
-mood
-attractiveness
-desires
-priming
mood
Billy's wife is talking to him about how she needs new clothes. Billy feels like he hears this all of the time and, frankly, doesn't really care about getting his wife new clothes. Accordingly, he would probably not let this conversation impact his related schemas. What is this called in social psychology?
-behaviorism
-priming
-motivated social cognition
-expectancy effects
motivated social cognition
When two people watch competitive sports and cheer for different teams, you would not expect them to agree on controversial penalties or calls. What term explains this difference in perceptions?
-priming
-expectancy effects
-behaviorism
-motivated social cognition
motivated social cognition
A critical component of priming is an individual's:
-attractiveness
-sleepiness
-motivation
-intention
motivation
Considering research on mood, which of the following people would be LEAST likely to pay careful attention to a professor's explanations of the reasons for her grading policy?
-Kiara, who is feeling cheerful
-Tyler, who is bored
-Isabella, who is feeling nervous
-Rosa, who is unhappy
Kiara, who is feeling cheerful
The first few minutes of a debate are among the most critical. This is because early information is often best remembered by the audience and given the most weight. Which of the following concepts does this exemplify?
-primacy effect
-moral effect
-recency effect
-Doppler effect
primacy effect
____ is the reason some schemas are more or less accessible and relevant:
-behaviorism
-expectancy effect
-motivated social cognition
-priming
motivated social cognition
Which of the following is NOT a reason that people are motivated by certainty?
-people do not want to spend time thinking about something unpleasant
-people have a strong desire to make the best decision possible
-people want to restore a sense of order when unexpected events occur
-the sense that the world is ordered buttresses people's faith that they can attain personal meaning in their lives
people have a strong desire to make the best decision possible
People's motivations affect how their schemas are constructed and accessibility of those schemas. The motive to accept information that is consistent with your prior beliefs, and reject inconsistent information is referred to as:
-accuracy
-certainty
-supremacy
-maintaining particular beliefs and attitudes
maintaining particular beliefs and attitudes
A Republican will probably NOT like or fully process what a Democratic candidate says during a debate because the Republican does not want to be influenced by the Democrat's views. What is this process called?
-expectancy effects
-behaviorism
-motivated social cognition
-priming
motivated social cognition
Dr. Benton is designing a psychology experiment that manipulates certain schemas through priming. Which of the following is NOT one of the motivations Dr. Benton should consider for his research?
-certainty
-supremacy
-accuracy
-maintaining particular beliefs and attitudes
supremacy
Fatima was primed by a grocery store display to purchase crackers. In order for this prime to affect her behavior, Fatima must have:
-intentions
-sleepiness
-motivation
-attractiveness
motivation
Mateo is running late for a meeting, so he has to very quickly decide which candy bar to purchase from a vending machine. Mateo's primary motive in choosing a candy bar is:
-supremacy
-maintaining particular beliefs and attitudes
-accuracy
-certainty
certainty
Habib is in a bad mood when he is making a decision about which topic to choose for his history paper on the American Civil War. According to research on the effects of mood on cognitive processing, which of the following is MOST likely to occur?
-he will look at the teacher's suggested topic list and choose the first thing that seems familiar
-he will read about each of the teacher's suggested topics in his textbook and choose the most interesting one
-he will choose the first topic on the list of suggested topics from his teacher
-he will search the Internet for "American Civil War" and choose the first topic that seems relevant
he will read about each of the teacher's suggested topics in his textbook and choose the most interesting one
The first time Giancarlo saw a certain brand of car, it was broken down on the side of the road. To this day, he still holds a negative schema regarding this car brand. Giancarlo's attitude is BEST explained by the ____ effect:
-Doppler
-primacy
-moral
-recency
primacy
Mr. Dobbs is a politician who expected to coast to reelection. When he unexpectedly found out he was losing in the polls, what would this likely make him under the meaning maintenance model?
-decreasingly moral
-decreasingly certain
-increasingly certain
-increasingly moral
increasingly moral
Isaiah drinks coffee multiple times a day and believes it's a harmless way to boost his energy. Imagine that he reads about research documenting the health risks of coffee consumption. He finds multiple flaws in the study and dismisses the results. Isaiah's primary motive is:
-accuracy
-certainty
-supremacy
-maintaining particular beliefs and attitudes
maintaining particular beliefs and attitudes
____ is useful for helping people learn about the status of things in the immediate environment:
-priming
-mood
-attractiveness
-desires
mood
When Mindy first met Micah he was a rude seven-year-old boy. Even when they met against twenty years later, Mindy still held a schema that was biased by this early information. This example best reflects the _____ effect:
-primacy
-moral
-recency
-Doppler
primacy
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...