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Psychology: Themes and Variations Chapter 5 vocab

Terms in this set (30)

Biological rhythms
Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning.
Circadian rhythms
The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species.
Slow-wave sleep (SWS)
Sleep stages 3 and 4, during which high amplitude, low frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings.
REM sleep
A relatively deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high-frequency, low-amplitude brain waves, and vivid dreaming.
Non-REM (NREM) sleep
Sleep stages 1 through 4, which are marked by an absence of rapid eye movements, relatively little dreaming, and varied EEG activity.
Ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
The afferent nerve fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal.
Insomnia
Chronic problems with getting adequate sleep.
Narcolepsy
Sudden and irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking periods.
Sleep apnea
Frequent, reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep.
Nightmares
Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep.
Night terrors
Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic.
Somnambulism (sleep walking)
A person arises and wanders about while remaining asleep.
Manifest content
The plot of a dream at a surface level.
Latent content
The hidden or disguised meaning of the events in the plot.
Hypnosis
A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.
Dissociation
A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness.
Meditation
A family of practices that train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control.
Psychoactive drugs
Chemical substances that modify mental, emotional, or behavioral functioning.
Narcotics
Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain.
Opiates
Drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain.
Sedatives
Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system (CNS) activation and behavioral activity.
Stimulants
Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity.
Hallucinogens
A diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning, marked most prominently by distortions in sensory and perceptual experience.
Canabis
The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived.
Alcohol
A variety of beverages containing ethyl alcohol.
MDMA
A compound drug related to amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline.
Tolerance
A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug.
Physical dependence
A person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness.
Psychological dependence
A person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for the drug.
Lucid dreams
Dreams in which people can think clearly about the circumstances of waking life and the fact that they are dreaming, yet remain asleep in the midst of a vivid dream.
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