Scheduled maintenance: Wednesday, February 8 from 10PM to 11PM PST
Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Exam 1 Review

Terms in this set (50)

what did plants develop to use as a defense mechanism?
alkaloids
according to the hijack theory, drugs take over systems to use what? what kind of drugs make sense with this theory?
(brain made) neurotransmitters
synthetic drugs
purification of active ingredients was first achieved with what drug?
morphine
when was the first drug purified?
early 1800s
what was the first chemically modified drug?
heroin
why did people want to chemically purify drugs?
to make stronger versions of existing drugs
when was the first drug chemically modified?
late 1800s
what were 2 early examples of synthesized drugs?
MDMA, LSD
when were drugs first synthesized?
early 1900s
what was the second act to regulate drugs?
Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914
what act regulated taxed sale, importation, and production of cocaine and opium?
Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914
what was the third act to regulate drugs?
Volstead Act of 1920 (Prohibition, 18th Amendment)
what did the 21st Amendment do? what year?
repealed prohibition in 1933
what was the 4th act to regulate drugs?
Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
What act called for schedule based regulation of drugs?
controlled substances act of 1970
what president declared the war on drugs? what year?
Nixon 1971
what 2 acts were representation of the high anti-drug attitude in the 80s that called for harsh punishments?
comprehensive crime control act of 1984, anti-drug abuse act of 1986
has the attitude towards drugs from 1990-present gotten more strict, more flexible, or stayed the same?
more flexible
what schedule of drugs is often associated with overdose?
schedule II
marijuana, heroin, MDMA, LSD, and psilocybin are examples of what schedule of drugs?
schedule I
cocaine, meth, opium, oxy, morphine, and amphetamines are examples of what schedule of drugs?
schedule II
steroids, ketamine, and hydrocodone are examples of what schedule of drugs?
schedule III
benzos and barbiturates are examples of what schedule of drugs?
schedule IV
cough suppressants with codeine are examples of what schedule of drugs?
schedule V
barbituates are the opposite of what?
amphetamines
where is the dopamine reward pathway that makes us feel pleasure?
midbrain
VTA and NA are both part of the...
midbrain
what does the VTA do?
makes and releases dopamine (releases it to the nucleus accumbents)
what does the NA do? what happens here?
makes receptors
dopamine reception/response
a neuron is composed of what 5 things?
soma, dendrites, axon, axon terminals, axon synapses
what part of a neuron is full of neurotransmitters that are held while it waits for the next nerve firing event?
axon
in what order does a signal move through a neuron?
dendrite, soma, axon, synapse
what is reuptake?
neurotransmitter recycling
what is MAO?
an enzyme that destroys dopamine
agonist/antagonist/partial agonist all judge how well...
a chemical opens up a receptor
in regards to agonist/antagonist/partial agonists, neurotransmitter = ? and receptor = ?
neurotransmitter = key, receptor = lock
our bodies move electricity by moving positively and negatively charged _________
salts
the brain makes its own natural drugs aka ________
neurotransmitters
order route of administration from fastest to slowest for these 6: transdermal, injection, digestion, smoking, oral mucosa, snorting
smoking, injection, snorting, oral mucosa, digestion, transdermal
what 2 types of solubility help to cross membranes?
fat, lipid
true or false: cells cannot change the amount of receptors
false
prior exposure decreases the amount of a receptor, this is an example of what?
pharmacodynamic tolerance
what is it called when an addict sensing that a drug coming and goes into the withdrawal state because the brain is generating effects to counter the drug?
precipitated withdrawal
according to the DSM-IV, how many symptoms does a person need to experience to be classified as having a mild disorder? moderate? severe?
2-3
4-5
6 or more
what brain signaling chemical is released to initiate a stress response? when is this high?
CRH
during withdrawal
a person who is calm, has non-psychotic thoughts, constricted pupils, and sweaty skin, is most likely being affected by what kind of drug and is experiencing intoxication or withdrawal?
sedative/tranquilizer intoxication
a person who is calm, has non-psychotic thoughts, dilated pupils, and dry skin, is most likely being affected by what kind of drug and is experiencing intoxication or withdrawal?
opiate intoxication
a person who is calm, has psychotic thoughts, constricted pupils, and sweaty skin, is most likely being affected by what kind of drug and is experiencing intoxication or withdrawal?
stimulant withdrawal
a person who is calm, has psychotic thoughts, dilated pupils, and dry skin, is most likely being affected by what kind of drug and is experiencing intoxication or withdrawal?
stimulant intoxication
what 4 factors are used to determine what drug a person is on and whether they are experiencing withdrawal or intoxication?
excitability, thoughts (psychotic or non-psychotic, pupils (dilated/constricted), skin reaction
Students also viewed