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Science Chapter 5 Section 1 Study Guide/Vocab.

Terms in this set (16)

earthquake
the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
stress
a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
shearing
a type of stress that pushes a mass of rock in 2 opposite directions. (This can cause the rock to break)
tension
a stress that pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle. This occurs where 2 places are moving apart. (A great example of this would be gum)
compression
stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks while 1 plate pushes against another compressing the rock like a giant trash compactor.
deformation
any change in volume or shape of the Earth's crust.
fault
a break in the crust where slabs of crust slip past each other.
strike slip fault
one type of fault is caused by shearing and it occurs when the rocks on both sides of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion, resulting in transformation boundary.
San Andreas Fault
This landmark located in California is a great example of strike slip fault.
normal fault
another type of fault is called a normal fault. this fault is caused by tension. This occurs when the fault is at one angle, so 1 block of rocks lies above the fault while the other lies below the fault.
hanging wall
the half of the fault that lies above
footwall
the half of the fault that lies below
reverse faults
this type of fault is caused by compression. It also has the same structure as a normal flat fault but the blocks move in opposite directions. An example of this would be the Appalachian Mountains and the Glacier National Park in Montana.
Valdivia or Great Chilean, Southern Chile, 1960
What was the strongest earthquake ever recorded in the Earth's history? Where and when did it occur?
1. elastic buildup
2. dilatancy
3. influx of water
4. earthquake
5. aftershocks
What are the 5 stages of an earthquake?
Alaska
Which state in the US experiences the largest number of earthquakes each year?
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