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Chapter 10 American History

Terms in this set (51)

Queen Liliuokalani
was the queen of Hawaii until she surrendered Hawaii to the US who was trying to expand and annex it
John L. Stevens
the US ambassador to Hawaii who reported that it was ready to become part of the US; encouraged business groups to organize a revolution which put Sanford B. Dole in charge of Hawaii
imperialism
When a country increases its power by taking over other areas of the world.
Alfred T. Mahan
US Navy official who urged the government to build up America's navy so that it could compete with other countries' navies
Social Darwinism
a belief that a free-market competition would lead to the survival of the fittest; this was a factor driving American imperialism
William Seward
Secretary of State under presidents Lincoln and Andrew Johnson; arranged for the US to buy Alaska from the Russians at $7.2 million; some were weary about funding this purchase because they thought nothing would come of it; Alaska was rich in minerals, lumber, and oil
McKinley Tariff
passed in 1890 and provoked a crisis by eliminating the duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar
Pearl Harbor
US military and economic leaders pressured Hawaii to allow the US to build a naval base here in 1887, the kingdom's best port; became a refueling station for American ships
Sanford B. Dole
after business groups, with the help of marines, overthrew the queen of Hawaii, they set up a government headed by this man; he refused to restore the queen to the throne after Cleveland asked, so Cleveland formally recognized the Republic of Hawaii
Jose Marti
a Cuban poet and journalist in exile in New York that launched a second Cuban revolution in 1895 which used a guerrilla campaign and deliberately destroyed property, especially American-owned sugar mills and plantations
Cuba Libre!
a free Cuba; rebel cry in the second Cuban revolt; similar to the American cry of "Give me liberty or give me death!" which is why Cuban rebels fell into the favor of some Americans
William Randolph Hearst
editor of the New York Journal; newspaper tycoon; published exaggerated accounts of Weyler's brutality in order to make Americans sympathize with the Cubans; sent Remington to Cuba to draw sketches of their stories
Joseph Pulitzer
editor of the New York World; newspaper tycoon; published exaggerated accounts of Weyler's brutatlity in order to make Americans sympathize with the Cubans
yellow journalism
style of writing used by Hearst and Pulitzer and their newspapers that exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers
de Lome letter
New York Journal published this which was a private letter written by the Spanish minister to the US, Enrique de Lome, that critized McKinley calling him weak and a crowd pleaser; stolen by a Cuban rebel from a Havana post office who leaked it to the newspaper
USS Maine
blew up on February 15, 1898; killed more that 260 men; US blamed Spain for the explosion; caused oppostion to Spain to grow quickly
Remember the Maine!
became the rally cry for the US intervention in Cuba after the ship was blown up
George Dewey
this commodore was the leader of the American fleet that opened fire on the Spanish fleet at Manila, the Philippine capital; destroyed every Spanish ship and allowed US troops to land in the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo
leader of Filipino rebels that wanted freedom from Spain; joined with American forces
Rough Riders
a voluntary cavalry under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt; fought on Kettle Hill
Kettle Hill
most famous land battle in Cuba where the Rough Riders and two African American regiments charged uphill and cleared a way for an infantry attack on the strategically important San Juan Hill
San Juan Hill
the Rough Riders and two African American regiments cleared a way on Kettle Hill so that an infantry could attack this strategically important hill
armistice
a cease-fire agreement; Spain and the US signed one of these on August 12, 1898 to end the fighting in the Spanish-American war
"splendid little war"
Secretary of State John Hay called the Spanish-American War this because the fighting only lasted 15 weeks
Treaty of Paris
US and Spain met in Paris to sign this to officially end the Spanish-American War; met December 10, 1898; Spain freed Cuba, gave Guam and Puerto Rico to the US, and sold the Philippines to the US for $20 million; caused great debate in the US
Nelson A. Miles
head of military control of Puerto Rico during the Spanish-American War
Foraker Act
Congress passed this in 1900; eliminated military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil government; allowed the US president to appoint Puerto Rico's governor and members of its legislature
Insular Cases
1901 when the US Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not automatically apply to people in acquired territories
Teller Amendment
stated the US had no intention of taking over any part of Cuba, and the Treaty of Paris further guaranteed this
Platt Amendment
1901, US insisted that Cuba add several revisions to their constitution called this; stated Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its territory; US reserved the right to intervene in Cuba; Cuba was not to go into debt that its gov. couldn't pay; US could buy or lease land on the island for naval stations and refueling stations
Leonard Wood
in protest of the Platt Amendment, a procession marched on the residence of this Governor-General
protectorate
a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power
Emilio Aguinaldo
Filipino rebel leader; believed the US had promised independence; used guerilla tactics in revolt against the US
John Hay
this Secretary of State of the US issued a series of policy statements called the Open Door notes to protect US interests in China
Open Door notes
these letters were addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the US; creating an open door; stopped possibility of creating a monopoly on trade in any part of China
Boxer Rebellion
rebellion of Chinese secret societies who killed hundreds of missionaries and other foreigners, as well as Chinese converts to Christianity
Open Door Policy
John Hay issued a second series of this; stated the US would "safeguard for the world principle of equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire"; paved the way for greater American influence in Asia
Anti-Imperialist League
people who were against imperialism formed this group; had different and sometimes conflicting reasons for their opposition; agreed that it was wrong of the US to rule people without their consent
Treaty of Portsmouth
this agreement between Japan and Russia ended the Russo-Japanese war; Japan got half of Sakhalim Island and forgoed a cash settlement and Japan took over Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea; won Roosevelt the Nobel Peace Prize
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)
in this, Britain gave the US exclusive rights to build and control the canal through Central America
Panama Canal
a "shortcut" between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans which became known as this; funded by the US
Canal Zone
Panama signed a treaty with the US who agreed to pay $10 million to Panama plus an annual rent of $250,000 for an area across Panama, called this
Monroe Doctrine
issued in 1823 by President James Monroe; demanded that European countries stay out of the affairs of Latin American nations
"speak softly and carry a big stick"
Roosevelt based his Latin American policy on this West African proverb
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt added this to the Monroe Doctrine; stated the US would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America
Adolfo Diaz
President of Nicaragua when Nicaraguans rebelled; friend of the US
dollar diplomacy
policy of using the US government to guarantee bans made to foreign countries by American business people; called this by its critics; often used to justify keeping European powers out of the Caribbean
"missionary diplomacy"
referred to the US as having moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to US interests; pressured nations in the western hemisphere to establish democratic governments
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
fierce nationalist; had frequently counted the support and aid of the US; opposed Carranza's government; his men killed American's leading to Wilson sending Pershing
Emiliano Zapata
worked with Villa; son of a mestizo peasant who was dedicated to land reform
John J. Pershing
Wilson ordered this general and an expeditionary force of 15,000 soldiers into Mexico to capture Villa dead or alive
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