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Music Appreciation: Unit 2 - Music Fundamentals
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Terms in this set (150)
accelerando
(accel. ) a gradual quickening of tempo
a tempo
return to the original tempo
beat
a steady pulse in a regular pattern
bpm
beats per minute
harmony
notes or chords that accompany a melody
measure
a small meter pattern separated by bar lines
melody
the main tune in a piece of music
meter
beats organized into recurring strong/weak patterns
music
the art of combining elements of rhythm, melody, and harmony into distinct patterns to produce musical sounds that communicate emotions and ideas
music notation
the set of symbols used to write music down
pickup
unaccented note(s) before the first accented beat
rest
a symbol that indicates silence in music
rhythm
the forward movement of music in time and the basis for "keeping time" in music
ritardando
(ritard or rit. )a gradual slowing of tempo
syncopation
rhythm accenting something other than a strong beat
tempo
the speed of the music
time signature
the set of numbers at the beginning of a piece of music that show the meter
Basic three elements of music?
rhythm
harmony
melody
Largo - Broadly
40-60
Larghetto - moderatly slow
60-66
Adagio - slow; at ease
66-76
Andante - walking
76-108
Moderato - moderatly
108-120
Allegro - fast
12-168
Presto - very fast
168-200
Prestissimo - as fast as possible
200-208
conjunct
movement by steps in melody
disjunct
movement by leapss in melody
intervals
the distance between two pitches
lyrics
words sung to music
pitch
high or low musical tone
shape
the direction of pitches in a melody
staff
the standard five lines and four spaces on which music is written
theme
a basic melody on which a larger work is based
Which of the following is not a required characteristic of a well-written melody?
lyrics
A(n) ______ shape in a melody incorporates pitches that mainly rise or become higher.
ascending
Musical pitches are _____.
the building blocks of a melody
named after the first seven letters of the alphabet
written on a five-line, four-space staff
The _____ is the smallest interval in Western music.
half - step
The notation used to extend pitches beyond the normal staff is called a(n) _____.
ledger line
chord progression
an order of chords
consonance
a pleasant, stable harmonic sound
dissonance
an unsettled harmonic sound that wants to resolve to consonance
flat
an accidental that lowers a note's pitch 1/2 step
harmony
notes or chords that accompany a melody
homophonic
the texture of predominant melody accompanied by harmony
key
the title of the scale on which a piece of music is based
Key signiture
a list of sharps or flats at the beginning of a staff line that indicate what key to use
monophonic
the texture of a single tune in all parts
natural
an accidental that cancels a sharp or flat
polyphonic
the texture of simultaneous, independent melodies
resolution
dissonant sound moving to consonant sound
scale
a single octave of pitches in a certain interval pattern that forms the basis for tonality and harmony
scale degree
a name or number assigned to each pitch in a scale
sharp
an accidental that raises a note's pitch ½ step
texture
a combination of horizontal and vertical elements of music
tonic
the tonal center and "home" key of a scale
triad
a three-note chord based on consecutive staff lines or spaces
unison
the same melody in different octaves
Major scale:
bright and happy
Minor scale:
somber and dark
Harmony concerns mainly _____ pitch relationships.
vertical
Which accidental raises a pitch by a half step?
sharp
Which types of texture have a single, clear melody?
monophonic
homophonic
Consonance and dissonance are both necessary for a vibrant, balanced harmonic sound.
true
antecedent and consequent
a pair of musical phrases that complement each other in rhythm and harmony
binary form
two-part structure (AB)
bridge
transitional material connecting two sections
contrasting verse-chorus form
verses sung to the same tune interspersed with chorus using a different tune (ABAB...)
form
the organizational structure of music
introduction
material that precedes the main section or movement
simple verse form
all verses sung to the same tune (AAA...)
simple verse-chorus form
verses and interspersed chorus sung to the same tune (AAA...)
strophic form
category of form based on stanzas with lyrics
ternary form
three part structure of music (ABA)
The _____ phrase "answers" the antecedent with a similar rhythm and harmony.
consequent
In which form will the A theme move from tonic to dominant to prepare for the B theme?
binary
Which of the following can be true of ternary form?
ABA
AABA
Three part form
Articulation
the initial attack of a note
Dynamics
the degree from loud to soft in music
Legato
smooth, connected articulation
Staccato
short, clipped articulation
Subito
suddenly
Timbre
sound quality unique to a particular voice, instrument, or group
ppp
Pianississimo - softest
pp
Pianissimo
p
piano
mp
mezo piano
mf
mezo forte
f
forte
ff
fortissimo
fff
fortississimo - loudest
Which of the foundational musical elements is best defined as "the forward movement of music in time"?
Rhythm
Which type of meter accents the first beat in each measure?
duple meter
triple meter
A _____ marking in music tells you to slow down the tempo.
ritard
High pitches are usually written _____.
in the treble clef
_________in a combination of conjunct and disjunct motion can be used to create a pleasing melody.
Pitch variation
Chords based on scale degrees create appropriate harmonies for a piece of music.
true
A single tune sung in unison by five different voices displays _____ texture.
monophonic
Which foundational element of form is displayed by changing keys within a section of music?
variety
A(n) _____ section of music will be smooth and connected.
legato
A volume change in music is a change in _____.
dynamics
Bell
the flared end of an instrument
Orchestra
a large group of people playing instruments usually including strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion
Range
pitches a given instrument can comfortably play
Reed
a thin piece on an instrument that's vibrated by air to create sound
Wind Instrument
an instrument played by blowing air through it
Women: high middle low
soprano, mezo soprano, alto
Men: high middle low
tenor, baritone, bass
Which voice part represents the lowest male voice?
bass
Instruments in an orchestra are typically divided into what four categories?
strings, percussion, woodwinds, brass
Brass instruments are a part of the wind category of instruments.
true
The ________ is a double-reed woodwind.
oboe
Which of the following is not a brass instrument?
clarinet
Which instrument has the highest range?
piccolo
Bow
a wood and horsehair tool used to play many stringed instruments
Drumhead
a taut membrane stretched over the open end of a drum and beaten to produce sound
Mallet
a stick used to play an instrument
Pick
a small plastic tool used to pluck a stringed instrument
Which of these instruments has strings but is not considered a traditional string instrument?
piano
Playing the involves scraping two metal disks together.
Crash symbols
The _____ is the lowest pitched orchestral stringed instrument.
double bass
Which instruments are held between the knees because of their size?
cello, harp
A _____ is used to strike percussion instruments.
Mallet
Plucking a stringed instrument may be done with the fingers or a _____.
pick
Accompaniment
instrumental music that supports the main part(s)
Band
a large group of instruments usually including woodwinds, brass, and percussion. 40-80
Chamber Music
music written for small ensembles for an intimate setting
Chamber Ensemble
a small group of instrumentalists (2-12)
Chorus
a large singing group of multiple voice parts 5+ per part
Conductor
a person who leads an ensemble
duet
two musical parts
Ensemble
a group of musicians performing together
Quartet
four musical parts
Solo
a single main musical part
Synthesizer
an electronic keyboard capable of multiple instrument sounds
Trio
three musical parts
A __________ is an instrumental part added to enhance the main performer.
accompaniment
Which of the following ensembles has the fewest members?
Vocal Quartet
Which ensembles below would not use strings within the group?
Woodwind Quintet,
Wind Ensemble,
Brass Duet
A conductor is responsible for _____.
Keeping time for the ensemble,
Interpreting loud's and soft's
The abbreviation SSATTB for mixed chorus means 1st soprano, 2nd soprano, alto, 1st tenor, 2nd tenor, baritone.
false
A ____________ is most effective performing in smaller, more intimate settings because of the ensemble size and musical style.
chamber ensemble
Most percussion instruments are unpitched.
true
Which of the following would not help you analyze a melody?
Determine an instrumental ensemble appropriate for the melody.
A harp is an instrument with strings that is located in the percussion section of the orchestra.
true
When harmonies in a piece of music include several, independent melodies occurring simultaneously, we categorize the music as _____.
polyphonic in texture
Which section of the orchestra is considered the foundation because of its unique timbre?
brass
Which of these instruments has the highest range?
flute
An alto singer reads music in the _____ clef.
treble
In three to five sentences, list and briefly explain the three elements foundational to music.
The three fundamental elements that are foundational to music are rhythm, harmony, and melody. Rhythm is known as the forward movement of the music, this is the part we dance along too. Harmony are the notes and chords that go with the melody, sometimes known as the vertical aspect of music. Finally melody, the melody is the main tune of music, it does not need lyrics to be a melody.
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