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prokaryote vs eukaryote

Terms in this set (32)

prokaryotes genome
Circular Chromosome
Synthesize proteins. Gives cytoplasm a "grainy appearance"
Ribosomes
alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei -> package DNA into nucleosomes
Histones
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
Nuclei
a type of cell division of diploid cells that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes. Such as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
Meiosis
Division of eukaryotic cell resulting in two nuclei with the same number as the original
Ex: PMAT
Mitosis
Light harvesting organelle found in photosynthetic eukaryotes
Chloroplast
Threadlike mass of DNA and associated Just in proteins that becomes visible during mitosis as chromosomes
Chromatid
not a membrane bound organelle, power house of the cell
Mitochondria
sex cells, used in reproduction of eukaryotes. Pg 35
Gametes
formed by a union of gametes. Pg 350
Zygote
during prophase, sister DNA molecules are joined together here. Pg 352
Centromete
The third stage of mitosis, during which sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the spindle to form chromosomes.
Anaphase
The second stage of mitosis during which chromosomes line up and attach to microtubules of the spindle.
Metaphase
Final stage of mitosis, during which nuclear envelopes form around the daughter nuclei
Telophase
Nuclear envelopes disintegrate if they formed, and new spindles form.
Prophase II (Meiosis)
Internal networking of fibers contributing to the basic shape of Eukaryotic and rod shaped Prokaryotic cells
Cytoskeleton
1) Bacteria
2) Archaea
3) Eukaryotes
3 Domains of microorganisms
• No mitochondria
• Circular DNA associated w/ proteins
• No histones
• Can have peptidoglycan
• No nucleus
• Binary fission
Prokaryotes (Bacteria & Archea)
1st stage of mitosis during which DNA condensed into chromatids and the spindle apparatus forms
Prophase
A substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria, consisting of glycosaminoglycan interlinked by short peptide-chains
Peptoglycan
One of the 2 monosaccharides that make up the disaccharide portion of peptoglycan
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
One of the 2 monosaccharides that make up the disaccharide portion of peptoglycan.
N-acetylmuramic Acid (NAM)
Eukaryotic ribosome, made up of 40s and 60s sedimentation coefficients, is larger than 70s ribosomes
80s Ribosomes
Prokaryotic ribosome, made up of 30s and 50s, is smaller than 80s ribosomes
70s Ribosomes
Made up of peptoglycan, is responsible for the shape of the cell, the site of action for many antibiotics, point of anchorment for the flagella
Cell Wall
Fluid filled organelles that are surrounded by a plasma membrane to separate their insides from the rest of the cytoplasm
Membrane-Bound Organelles
Spherical, to avoid membranous organelle containing a eukaryotic cell's primary genetic material
Nucleus
• Has a mitochondria
• Linear DNA associated w/ proteins and histones
• No peptidoglycan
• Has membrane-bound organelles
• DNA within nucleus
• Mitosis/Meiosis
Eukaryotes (Protozoa, Algae, Fungi, & Helminths)
A fiber apparatus made of protein filaments, responsible for separating chromosomes by their centromeres during mitosis & meiosis in most eukaryotic cells
Spindle
Process in which light energy is captured by chlorophyll & transferred to ATP & metabolites
Photosynthesis
Two chromosomes which are made up of two DNA molecules, physically associated together during prophase I and metaphase I of meiosis
Tetrad
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