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Immuno Test 6

Terms in this set (66)

Which T-cells decline in an HIV patient
CD-4 T-Cells
What is the significant # of those cells for a transition to AIDs
When T cell count decreases to below 200, it progresses to AIDS, and when the CD4 levels drop this low cell mediated immunity is lost.
Autosomal
genes on chromosomes other than sex chromosomes. The child must inherit defective allele from both parents, meaning the homozygous defective genes.
X-linked
genes are genes on the X chromosome, the female has 2 of these x chromosomes. Males have 1 X and 1 Y chromosome, so if there is a defective X chromosome on the male, there isn't another X chromosome to compensate for the defect.
Gp120
a glycoprotein envelope of HIV binds to CD4 enabling virions to attach to CD4-expressing human cells. Gp120 must also bind to a co-receptor of the host cell before the virus can enter the cell. They bind tightly to human CD4.
Gp41
Fusion. Mediates fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane of the host cell
precursor polypeptide Gp41 Gp120
membrane glycoprotein responsible from the binding and fusion of HIV into a target cell.
Tat
Protein binds to a sequence in the LTR of the viral mRNA known as the transcriptional activation region where it prevents transcription from shutting down and thus increases transcription of viral RNA. Binds to transcription activation region of the viral mRNA and prevents transcription from shutting off. Increases the transcription of viral RNA. Involved in the replication of the viral genome. Target of HIV drug therapy.
-Does transcription
Rev
Protein that controls the supply of viral RNA to the cytoplasm and the extent to which that RNA is spliced. Target of HIV drug therapy controls the supply of viral RNA to the cytoplasm. Delivers RNA that encodes the proteins necessary to make virions. Involved in the replication of the viral genome.
-Transportation
Protease
Nucleocapsid protein enzyme. Cleave a large precursor polyprotein. Mainly gp41 and ap120 envelope glycoprotein. Viral proteases cleave the viral polyproteins to produce the virion proteins and viral enzymes. Interrupt later stage of virus replication. Most potent if used together with NRTIs.
Integrase
Nucleocapsid protein enzyme. Integrates the cDNA into the host's genome
Reverse transcriptase
Nucleocapsid protein enzyme. Used to copy RNA genome cDNA. Required for synthesis of the provirus.
How many RNA molecules make up HIV genome
2
How many make up influenza's genome
8
Lymphocyte tropic
HIV variant that infect activated CD4 T cells; In 50% of cases the viral phenotype switches to the lymphocytic tropic in late phase of the infection which causes rapid CD4 decline which progresses to AIDS.
-HIV variants that infect activated CD4 T cells that bind to CXCR4 co-receptor
-Requires high levels of CD4 on the cell surface.
-Binds to CXCR4 of activated CD4 T cells which quickly destroys TH cell population
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