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Unit 5 AP Human Geography

Terms in this set (63)

Anocracy
A country that is not fully democratic nor fully autocratic but rather displays a mix of the two types
Autocracy
A country that is ruled according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people
Balance of Power
A condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries
Boundary
An invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory
City-State
A sovereign land comprising of a city and its immediate hinterland
Colonialism
An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory
Colony
A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent
Compact State
A state in which the distance from the center to the boundary does not vary significantly
Democracy
A country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office
Elongated State
A state with a long, narrow shape
Federal State
An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government
Frontier
A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control
Gerrymandering
The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefitting the party in power
Landlocked State
A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea
Microstate
A state that emcompasses a very small area
Multiethnic State
A state that contains more than one ethnicity
Multinational State
A state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities
Nation-State
A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity
Perforated State
A state that completely surrounds another one
Prorupted State
An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension
Self-Determination
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
Sovereignty
Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states
State
An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over its internal and foreign affairs
Terrorism
The systematic use of violence by a group calculated to create an atmosphere of fear and alarm among a population, or to coerce a government into actions it would not otherwise undertake or refrain from actions it wants to take
Unitary State
An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials
Agribusiness
Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations
Agricultural Revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
Agriculture
The deliberate effort to modify a portion Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain
Aquaculture
The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions
Cereal Grain
A grass that yields grain for food
Commercial Agriculture
Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
Crop
Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season
Crop Rotation
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil
Dairy Farm
A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products
Desertification
Degradation of land, especially in semi-arid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semi-arid land degradation
Dietary Energy Consumption
The amount of food that an individual consumed, measured in kilocalories
Double Cropping
Harvesting twice a year from the same field
Fishing
The capture of wild fish and other seafood living in the waters
Food Security
Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for active and healthy life
Genetically Modified Organism
A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology
Grain
A seed of a cereal grass
Green Revolution
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high yield seeds and fertilizers
Horticulture
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
A form of subsistence agriculture characteristics of Asia's major population concentrations in which farmers must expand a relatively large amount of effort to produce a maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land
Milkshed
The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied
Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming
Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans
No Tillage
A farming practice that leaves all of the soil undisturbed and the entire residue from the previous year's harvest left untouched on the fields
Overfishing
Capturing fish faster than they can reproduce
Paddy
The Malay word for wet rice, increasingly used to describe a flooded field
Pastoral Nomadism
A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals
Plantation
a large farm in tropical and subtropical that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country
Prime Agricultural Land
The most productive farmland
Ranching
A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area
Ridge Tillage
A system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation
Sawah
A flooded field for growing rice
Shifting Cultivation
A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period
Slash-and-Burn Agriculture
Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris
Subsistence Agriculture
Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family
Swidden
A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning
Transhumance
The migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures
Truck Farming
Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named for the Middle English word truck, meaning "barter" or "exchange of commodities"
Undernourishment
Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity
Wet Rice
Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth
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