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ARTH 101: Final Exam

Terms in this set (30)

Neoclassicism
Literally "new classicism", a Western movement in painting, sculpture, and architecture of the late 18th and early 19th centuries that looked to the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration. Neoclassicial artists worked in a variety of individual styles, but in general, like any art labeled classical, neoclassical art emphasized order, clarity and restraint.
Romanticism
A movement in Western art of the 19th century, generally assumed to be in opposition to Neoclassicism. Romantic works are marked by intense colors, turbulent emotions, complex composition, soft outlines, and sometimes heroic or exotic subject matter.
Realism
Broadly, any art in which the foal is to portray forms in the natural world in highly faithful manner. Specifically,an art style of the mid-19th century , identified especially with Gustave Courbet, which fostered the idea that everyday people and events are fit subjects for important art. (Compare naturalism)
Impressionism
A movement in painting originating in the 1860s in France. Impressionism arose in opposition to the academic art of the day. In subject matter, Impressionism followed realism in portraying daily life, especially the leisure activities of the middle class. Landscape was also a favorite subject, encouraged by the new practice of painting outdoor. In technique, Impressionists painters favored alla prima painting, which was put I to the service of recording fleeting effects of nature and the rapidly changing urban scene.
Post-Impressionism
A term applied to the work of several artists- French or living in France- from about 1885 to 1905. Although all painted in highly personal styles, the Post-Impressionists were united in rejecting the relative absence of form characteristic of Impressionism. The group included Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gavguin, and George Seurat.
Fauvism
A short-lived but influential art movement in France in the early 20th century that emphasized bold, arbitrary, expressive color.
Expressionism
An art movement of the early 20th century, especially prevalent in Germany, which claimed the right to distort visual appearances to express psychological or emotional states, especially the artists' own personal feelings. More generally, and with a lowercase e, an art style that raises subjective feeling above objective observation, using distortion and exaggeration for emotional eddie cut.
Cubism
A movement developed during the early 20th century by Pablo Picasso and George's Braque. In it's most severe "analytical" phase, Cubism abstracted the forms of the visible word into fragments or facets drawn from multiple points of view, then constructed an image from them which had its own internal logic. A severely restricted palette (black, white, brown) and a painting techniques short, distinct "touches" allowed shards of figure and ground to interpenetrate in a shallow-shifting space.
Futurism
Art movement founded in Italy in 1909 and lasting only a few years. Futurism concentrated on the dynamic quality of modern technological life, emphasizing speed and movement.
Dada
An international art movement that emerged during WWII (1919-18). Believing that society itself had gone mad, Dada refused to make sense or to provide any sort of aesthetic refuge or comfort. Instead, it created "anti art" that emphasized absurdity irrationality, chance, whimsy, irony, and childishness. Deliberately shocking or provocative works, actions and events were aimed at disrupting public complacency.
Surrealism
A movement of the early 20th century that emphasized imagery from dreams and fantasies.
Bauhaus
A school of art and architecture in Germany form 1919 to 1933 whose influence was felt across the 20th century, Bauhaus instructors broke down the barriers between art, craft, an design, and they believed that artists could improve society bringing the principles of good design to industrial mass production.
Action painting
"Abstract Expressionism"-- is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed or smeared onto the canvas, rather than being carefully applied. The resulting work often emphasizes the physical act of painting itself as an essential aspect of the finished work or concern of its artist.
Appropriation
in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. The use of appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts (literary, visual, musical and performing arts).
Installation
describes an artistic genre of three-dimensional works that are often site-specific and designed to transform the perception of a space. Generally, the term is applied to interior spaces, whereas exterior interventions are often called Land art; however, the boundaries between these terms overlap.
Assemblage
is an artistic process. In the visual arts, it consists of making three-dimensional or two-dimensional artistic compositions by putting together found objects.
Performance
is a performance presented to an audience, traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. The performance can be live or via media; the performer can be present or absent
Happening
is a performance, event or situation meant to be considered art, usually as performance art. Happenings take place anywhere, and are often multi-disciplinary, with a nonlinear narrative and the active participation of the audience. Key elements of happenings are planned, but artists sometimes retain room for improvisation.
Pluralism
(Multiple directions) is used in different ways across a wide range of topics. It denotes a diversity of views and stands rather than a single approach or method of interpretation:
Digital
is a general term for a range of artistic works and practices that use digital technology as an essential part of the creative and/or presentation process.
Harlem Renaissance
was a cultural movement that spanned the 1920s. At the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. Dedicated to building a better society through education and arts.
The New York School
(synonymous with abstract expressionist painting) was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1950s, 1960s in New York City
Pop Art
is an art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s. Presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from popular culture such as advertising, news, etc
Minimal Art
Minimalism (Visual Art) describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post-World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s.
Photorealism
is the genre of painting based on using cameras and photographs to gather visual information and then from this creating a painting that appears to be photographic. The term is primarily applied to paintings from the United States art movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Conceptual Art, Land Art
Conceptualism- is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns.
Earthworks (Earth art)- is an art movement in which landscape and the work of art are inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is created in nature, using natural materials.
Neo-Expressionism
is a style of modern painting and sculpture that emerged in the late 1970s and dominated the art market until the mid-1980s.
Neo Dada
is a minor audio and visual art movement that has similarities in method or intent to earlier Dada artwork. While it revived some of the objectives of dada, it put "emphasis on the importance of the work of art produced rather than on the concept generating the work".
Feminism
Honored female art and the domestic realm. A collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, establishing and defending equal political, economic and social rights for women.
Postmodernism
is a term that describes the postmodernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated cultural movements. It is in general the era that follows Modernism
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