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Disease of the Eye - COMPLETE

Terms in this set (79)

what is cataract
opacity of the lens, usually an increase in protein
Most common cause: aging or trauma to lens
Risk: smoking, DM, corticosteroids
Causes: glare, poor night vision, blurred vision and looks less colorful
What would you see on an exam for cataracts?
Distorted or no red reflex
Cannot visualize the retina on exam
What is glaucoma
increased pressure within the eyeball as outflow of aqueous humor is blocked
Can be acute or chronic
No sxs at first then loss of peripheral vision, and can lead to blindness
The tabular meshwork is blocked
Chronic glaucoma
open angle
More common
Usually bilateral
Develops slowly over years
See copping of funduscopic exam
Acute glaucoma
narrow angle, closed angle
Ciliary injection
Severe, deep pain
Decreased acuity
No discharge
Cornea is steamy and cloudy
Pupil is fixed and dilated

EMERGENCY - blind in 2-5 days
what is age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)
leading cause of irreversible central vision loss
Often associated with aging
Deterioration of macula`
Strabismus Esotropia
inward deviation of the eye
strabismus exotropia
outward deviation of the eye
Strabismus hypertropia
Upward deviation of the eye
strabismus hypotropia
downward deviation of the eye
Amblyopia
lazy eye
Decreased best corrected visual acuity due to neurologic deficits in visual output
Abnormal brain stimulation during critical periods of visual development - usually unilateral and most common cause of vision loss and mononuclear blindness in kids
Pseudoesotropia
prominent epicanthal fold
Exophthalmos (proptosis)
"wide eye stare"
Protrusion of the eyeball (60% of pts with Graves' opthalmopathy)
Stand behind seated pt and inspect from above
Unilateral vs. bilateral
Xanthelasma
Raised yellow plaque on lid
Usually nasal side, upper or lower
Associated with increase of cholesterol, risk of heart disease
Acute hordeolum
Sty
Painful, tender, red infection of eyelid

External - infxn of eyelash follicle, on lid margin
Internal - infxn of meibomian gland, internal lid
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