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Anthropology Ch 11

Terms in this set (21)

social organization
It is how human communities work together to organize power relations and distribute resources
economic anthropology
the part of the discipline of anthropology that debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions of daily life and making a living
institutions
complex, variable, and enduring forms of cultural practices that organize social life
neoclassical economic theory
a formal attempt to explain the workings of capitalist enterprise, with particular attention to distribution
capitalism
an economic system dominated by the supply-demand-price mechanism called the "market"; an entrée way of life that grew in response to and in service of that market
status
a particular social position in a group
gift exchanges
non capitalist forms of economic exchange that are deeply embedded in social relations and always require a return gift
commodity exchanges
impersonal economic exchanges typical of the capitalist market in which goods are exchanged for cash and exchange partners need have nothing further to do with one another
modes of exchange
are patterns according to which distribution takes place: reciprocity, redistribution and market exchange
reciprocity
Is the exchange of goods and services of equal value
generalized reciprocity
usually between relatives; giving with no specific expectation of return
balanced reciprocity
between more distantly related partners; giving with the expectation of equal value and equivalent (but not necessarily immediate) exchange
negative reciprocity
parties hope to get something for nothing
redistribution
a mode of exchange of goods (trade) calculated in terms of a multipurpose medium of exchange and standard of value (money) and carried out by means of a supply-demand-price mechanism (the market)
market exchange
are the exchange of goods calculated in terms of a multipurpose medium of exchange and standard value and carried out
labor
is the activity linking human social groups
mode of production
a specific, historically occurring set of social relations through which labor is deployed to rest energy from nature by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge
means of production
are the tools, skills, organization and knowledge used to extract energy from nature
relations of production
are the social relations linking the people who use a given means of production within a particular mode of production
consumption
the using up of material goods necessary for human survival
affluence
is the condition of having more than enough of whatever is required to satisfy consumption needs
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