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BIOL: (muscles) Chapter 10 & 11 Review Questions

Terms in this set (53)

Muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being ________.
Striated
Which element is important in directly triggering contraction?
Calcium (Ca++)
Which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues?
At rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-
binding sites
The correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is ________.
filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle
Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________.
the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by ________.
tropomyosin
According to the sliding filament model, binding sites on actin open when ________.
calcium ion levels rise
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called ________.
sarcolemma
Muscle relaxation occurs when ________.
calcium ions are actively transported into the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
During muscle contraction, the cross-bridge detaches when ________.
calcium ions bind to troponin
Thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called ________.
sarcomeres
During which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber is tension the greatest?
contraction phase
Muscle fatigue is caused by ________.
exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of
lactic acid levels
A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to ________.
anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles?
phosphate bonds
Drug X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and phosphate. How will muscle cells respond to this drug?
none of the above
The muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have ________.
80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
The muscles of a professional marathon runner are most likely to have ________.
20 percent fast-twitch muscle and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
Which of the following statements is true?
Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves.
Which of the following statements is false?
Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries.
Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in that they ________.
contain intercalated discs
If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from undergoing aerobic metabolism, they ultimately would ________.
stop contracting
Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac muscles in that they ________.
lack myofibrils
Which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells?
They are resistant to fatigue.
From which embryonic cell type does muscle tissue develop?
myoblast cells
Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers?
satellite cells
Which of the following is unique to the muscles of facial expression?
They insert into the skin.
Which of the following helps an agonist work?
a synergist
Which of the following statements is correct about what happens during flexion?
The angle between bones is decreased.
Which is moved the least during muscle contraction?
the origin
Which muscle has a convergent pattern of fascicles?
pectoralis major
A muscle that has a pattern of fascicles running along the long axis of the muscle has which of the following fascicle arrangements?
parallel
Which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle?
The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides.
The location of a muscle's insertion and origin can determine ________.
action
Where is the temporalis muscle located?
on the side of the head
Which muscle name does not make sense?
extensor minimus longus
Which of the following terms would be used in the name of a muscle that moves the leg away from the body?
abductor
Which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion?
sternocleidomastoid
Where is the inferior oblique muscle located?
in the eye socket
What is the action of the masseter?
chewing
The names of the extrinsic tongue muscles commonly end in ________.
-glossus
What is the function of the erector spinae?
postural support
Which of the following abdominal muscles is not a part of the anterior abdominal wall?
quadratus lumborum
Which muscle pair plays a role in respiration?
diaphragm, scalene
What is the linea alba?
a long tendon that runs down the middle of the
rectus abdominis
The rhomboid major and minor muscles are deep to the ________.
trapezius
Which muscle extends the forearm?
triceps brachii
What is the origin of the wrist flexors?
the medial epicondyle of the humerus
Which muscles stabilize the pectoral girdle?
axial and scapular
The large muscle group that attaches the leg to the pelvic girdle and produces extension of the hip joint is the ________ group.
gluteal
Which muscle produces movement that allows you to cross your legs?
the sartorius
What is the largest muscle in the lower leg?
gastrocnemius
The vastus intermedius muscle is deep to which of the following muscles?
rectus femoris
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