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Exam 1 (Lecture 1-6)

Terms in this set (16)

Morphine is a substance obtained from Papaver somniferum (poppy), therefore morphine is a:

a) Poison
b) Toxin
c) Drug
d) Xenobiotic
e) None of the above
f) All of the above
All of the above (sort of drug/toxic vs poison)
Dopamine receptors are targets for many addictive drugs and dopamine receptor antagonists might be helpful for treating drug addiction. Which of the following drugs has the highest affinity for dopamine receptors?

a) Racloride (Kb=3x10^-5 M)
b) Domperidone (Kb=1x10^-4 M)
c) Apomorphine (Kb=1x10^-9 M)
d) Lisipride (Kb=3x10^-9 M)

p/s: high Ka, low Kb= High affinity
low Ka, high Kb= low affinity
Apomorphine (Kb=1x10^-9 M)
Intracellular anion and cation in axon
[K+] = 140
[Na+] = 15
[Cl-] = 7
[Ca2+] = 0.0001
Extracellular cation and anion in cell axon
[K+] = 5
[Na+] = 150
[Cl-] = 140
[Ca2+] = 2
Increasing the extracellular K+ concentration from 5mM to 15mM causes the membrane potential to change from -60 to -50mV. Why?
Because the number of Na+ increase, the number of K+ decrease. Na+ are moving into cell which then lead to the rising phase while K+ moving out
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine causes the membrane potential of a neuron to change from -60 to -45mV. Is this an increase or decrease in membrane potential?
Decrease in membrane potential
Where does action potential start?
Axon hillock of the dendrites (High concentrations of Na+ channels)
Which of the following toxins would cause an increase in neurotransmitter release from a nerve terminal?

a) w-Conotoxin
b) Tetrodotoxin
c) Botulinum toxin
d) Charybdotoxin
Charybdotoxin
Which of the following SNARE proteins is the "calcium sensor"?

a) SNAP-25
b) Synaptotagmin
c) Syntaxin
d) Synaptobrevin
Synaptotagmin
Which of the following ion channel receptors produces an inhibitory response when activated?

a) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
b) NMDA glutamate receptors
c) GABAA receptors
d) AMPA glutamate receptors
GABAA receptors
Cholera toxin activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase. What intracellular changes occur in neurons that express adenylate cyclase?

a) Activation of protein kinase A
b) Phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein
c) Gene transcription
d) All of the above
All of the above
- Protein kinase A
- Phosphorylation of cyclic AMP
- Gene transcription
GTP-gamma-S is a GTP analog that irreversibly activates G-proteins. One effect of treating neurons with this drug would be:

a) High levels of intracellular cyclic 3',5' AMP
b) Phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein
c) Gene transcription
d) All of the above
All of the above
- high levels of intracellular cyclic 3',5' AMP
- phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein
- gene transcription
Norepinephrine neurons are found in which brain area?

a) Ventral tegmented area
b) Raphe nuclei
c) Nucleus accumbens
d) Locus ceruleus
Locus cereleus

p/s: VTA = Dopamine
Raphe nuclei = Serotonin
Nucleus accumbens = Dopamine
Which of the following is the rate limiting enzyme in the dopamine synthesis pathway?

a) Tyrosine hydroxylase
b) Dopamine-B-hydroxylase
c) Monoamine oxidase
d) VMAT
Tyroxine hydroxylase
Which brain area is most affected in Alzheimer's Disease patients?

a) Prefrontal cortex
b) Ventral tegmental area
c) Dorsal Raphe
d) Nucleus Basalis
Nucleus Basalis
Cox 1 = stimulates platelet aggregation (found in the stomach lining producing prostglandins)
Cox 2 = Inhibits platelet aggregation (only expressed at sites of tissues injury, not found in the stomach)
Inhibition of Cox 1 inhibits coagulation. Low dose aspirin used to treat thrombosis and myocardial infarct patients
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