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AP Euro - Unit 1: Renaissance and Exploration (1450-1648)

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Petrarch
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Terms in this set (70)
Petrarch
(1304-1374) Father of the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization.
Image: Petrarch
Renaissance
French for "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome.
Image: Renaissance
Italian Rennaissance
A period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century and lasted until the 16th century, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
Lorenzo Valla (1407-1457)
A humanist who used historical criticism to discredit an eighth-century document giving the papacy jurisdiction over Western lands.
Patronage
Financial support of writers and artists by cities, groups, and individuals, often to produce specific works or works in specific styles.
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathemetician, engineer, and scientist. Known for the Mona Lisa. Exemplary sample of a "Renaissance Man" that reflects humanist ideals.
Image: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Michelangelo
(1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David.
Image: Michelangelo
Donatello
(1386-1466) Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.
Image: Donatello
Raphael
(1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens.
Image: Raphael
Filippo Brunelleschi
(1377 - 1446) A friend of Donatello, he was a skilled sculptor and goldsmith whose 1401 competition with Lorenzo Ghiberti for the commission of the bronze doors of the Florence Baptistery is a frequent question topic (Ghiberti got the chief commission). As an architect, he is mainly known for the extraordinary octagonally-based dome of the Santa Maria del Fiore (also known as the Florence Cathedral), which dominates the Florentine skyline. The task required an innovative supporting framework and occupied much of his career (as described in detail in Vasari's Lives of the Artists). Other projects include the Spedale degli Innocenti (a hospital), the Old Sacristy at San Lorenzo, and the Pazzi Chapel in the Cloisters of Santa Croce, all from 1421 to 1430.
Image: Filippo Brunelleschi
Mannerism
An artistic movement that emerged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530s; it marked the end of the Renaissance by breaking down the principles of balance, harmony, and moderation.
El Greco
Spanish painter (born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)
Image: El Greco
Communes
Sworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by merchant guilds that sought political and economic independence from local nobles.
Popolo
Disenfranchised common people in Italian cities who resented their exclusion from power.
Signori
Government by one-man rule in Italian cities such as Milan; also refers to these rulers.

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