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Chapter 15 VRQ

Terms in this set (60)

Witches
mostly women who were accused to link and ally with the devils and blamed for the conflicts in Europe; suffered intense torture
Thirty Year's War
war in Europe that started as a conflict between Catholic and Protestant nation's; bloodiest battle in the world today
Gustavus Adolphus
King of Sweden; developed the first standing army of conscripts; invaded the Holy Roman Empire which started the third phase of the Thirty Years' War
Peace of Westphalia
ensured Habsburgs do not take too much land; religion and politics are separate; marks beginning of a modern international order
Military Revolution
cannons and guns were used; new forms and tactics of fighting
Absolutism
the sovereign power or ultimate authority in the state rested in the hands of a king who claimed to rule by divine rights
Bishop Jacques Bosset
French theologian and court; expressed his ideas in a book; government orderly ordained so humans can live in an organized society
Divine-Right Monarchy
A monarchy based on the belief that monarchs receive power directly from God and are responsible to no one except God
Cardinal Richelieu
chief minister of King Louis XIII, entered 30 yrs war directly; began 4th phase of the war
Mazarin
succeeded Richelieu as chief minister to Louis XIII and under the regency of Anne of Austria; strengthened France's power in Europe
the Fronde
Rebellions among French nobles, named after slingshots , this convince Louis XIV to not have heavy handed policies
Intendants
royal officials in France who were sent into the provinces to execute the orders of the central government
Louis XIV
French king whose reign has been regarded as the best example of the practice of absolute monarchy in 17th century
Parlements
provincial law courts in France
Edict of Fontainebleau
destruction of the Huguenot churches and closing of Protestant school
Versailles
Louis XIV, highly ranked nobles, and princes of blood home; located in Paris as a central government
Jean Baptiste-Colbert
controller of general finances; increase wealth and power of France through general adherence to mercantilism
Louis XIV's Wars
1st war: invaded Spanish Netherlands and Franche-Comte; 2nd war: Holy Roman Empire; 3rd War: the War of the League of Augsburg; 4th war: War of the Spanish Succession
Peace of Utrecht
confirmed Philip V as Spanish ruler, initiating a Spanish Bourbon dynasty; assured thrones of Spain and France would be separated
Bradenburg
Prussia- lands gained from 30 yrs war; 3 disconnected masses in western, central, and eastern Germany; dominations of Hohenzollerns
Frederick William the Great Elector
came to Prussian power in middle of 30 yrs war; built competent and efficient standing army
the Hollenzollers
powerful state in Brandenburg which ruled northeastern Germany
Treaty of Karlowitz
Austria took control of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia; established an Austrian Empire in southeastern Europe
Boyars
Russian nobility; Extended autocracy executed by Ivan of the tsar by crushing the powers of the Russian nobility
the Romanovs
dynasty in Russia founded by Michael Romanov
Russian Serfdom
basic social institution; throne is based on heredity, slaves are not worth anything and peasants only little better; sexual assault was common
the Orthodox Church
Christian church comprising the local and national Eastern churches that are in communion with the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople
Procurator
the head of the Holy Synod, the chief decision-making body for the Russian Orthodox Church
Peter the Great
King of Russia who wanted to westernize Russia; enjoyed bloodshed
Saint Petersburg
city Peter constructed that represented as a symbol that Russia is looking westward to Europe
Table of Ranks
create opportunities for non nobles to serve the state and join the nobility; civil officers were ranked 14 levels
Great Northern War
between Russia, Denmark, Poland, and Saxony vs Sweden; resulted in Sweden losing imperial possessions in central Europe; Russia under Peter the Great becoming a major power in the Baltic
Vienna and the Ottoman Empire
a city that the Ottoman Empire (empire who reached its height with Suleiman had a strong army and feared throughout Europe
Janissaries
an elite core of 8,000 troops personally loyal to sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Poland's Sejm
Poland diet, two-chamber assembly in which landowners completely dominated the few townspeople and lawyers who were also members
the House of Orange
Began with William of Orange and his heirs, favored a centralized government with themselves as hereditary monarchs, opposed by the states general
Amsterdam
replaced Antwerp as the financial and commercial capital of Europe
the Stuarts
after death of Queen Elizabeth, Tudor dynasty ended, began with inauguration of James I of England and started line of Stuarts
Gentry
well-to-do English landowners below the levels of nobility; played important role in English Civil War of 17th century
Puritans
English protestant inspired by Calvinist and wished to delete all traces of Catholicism from the Church of England
English Civil War
parliament versus king of england, King charles I was captured, parliament proved victorious, new model army, Oliver Cromwell took control of the military
Oliver Cromwell
reported on English civil war, new model army, lord protector, dissolves parliament, divided country into eleven regions; said the land belongs to God
Levellers
ones who opposed Cromwell; called for annual parliaments
the Restoration
Charles II returned to England after eleven years of exile; issued the Declaration of Indulgence which suspended laws that parliament had passed against catholics and puritans; passed Test Acts
Test Act
stating that only Anglicans could hold military and civil office
James II
Catholic; tried to institute catholic reforms, new Declaration of Indulgence
Glorious Revolution
William of Orange and wife were invited to invade england; wife and son fled to france, as a result, William and Mary became monarchs
Thomas Hobbes
believed man is born cruel and selfish and needed an absolute monarch to keep order; writes "Leviathan", people form a commonwealth, subjects may not rebel
John Locke
believed man is born with rights and basically good and government should support those rights; two treatises of government, inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property, people and sovereign form a government
Bill of Rights
affirmed parliament's right to make laws and levy taxes and made it impossible for kings to opposed or do without parliament
Mannerism and El Greco
style of art, elongated and contorted figures; El Greco was a mannerist artist and theotocopoulos who moved to Spain
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Italian architect and sculptor, baroque, throne of saint Peter
Artemisia Gentileschi
baroque; Judith beheading holofernes
Baroque
style of art, dramatic effects to arouse the emotions
French Classicism
France replaced Italy as the cultural leader of Europe; emphasis on clarity, simplicity, balance, and harmony of design
Rembrandt van Rijn
Dutch realist; syndics of the cloth guild; realistic portrayals of secular everyday life
William Shakespeare
plays performed in the Glove theatre, actor and shareholder in chief company of the time, the Lord Chamberlain's company
Lopa de Vega
set the agenda for playwrights, prolific writer, wrote to please audience
Jean-Baptiste Racine
theme and plot from classical Greek and Roman sources Phedre; focused on conflicts that characterized and revealed tragic dimensions of life
Jean-Baptiste Moliere
enjoyed favor of French court and benefitted from patronage of King Louis XIV, Tartuffe; ridiculed religious hypocrisy
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