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test 3

Terms in this set (68)

a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote

in ancient Rome, a member of the wealthy, privileged upper class

in ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population

in ancient Rome, an official elected by the plebeians to protect their rights

in the Roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government

in ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats

in ancient Rome, a political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time

a military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback

a series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean

a Carthaginian general during The Second Punic War; brilliant military strategist

a conflict between two political groups within the same country

a Roman general and a genius at military strategy; elected consul in 59 B.C.; part of the triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey; lead successful campaign in Gaul; named dictator for life in 46 B.C.

in ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government

Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14; "exalted one"; the title Octavian accepted after he became the unchallenged ruler of Rome

a period of peace from 27 B.C. to A.D.180; Rome was at the peak of its power

a Jew born (6 to 4 B.C.) in the town of Bethlehem in Judea; raised in the village of Nazareth in northern Palestine; baptized by a prophet known as John the Baptist; as a young man, he took up the trade of carpentry; At the age of 30, he began his public ministry; For the next three years, he preached, taught, did good works, and reportedly performed miracles; he emphasized God's personal relationship to each human being; the Roman governor Pontius Pilate accused Jesus of defying the authority of Rome; Pilate arrested Jesus and sentenced him to be crucified, or nailed to a large wooden cross to die

one of the followers of Jesus who preached and spread his teachings

a Jew who had never met Jesus and at first was an enemy of Christianity; while traveling to Damascus in Syria, he reportedly had a vision of Christ; he spent the rest of his life spreading and interpreting Christ's teachings; he wrote influential letters, called Epistles, to groups of believers

the dispersal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine—especially the period more than 1,800 years
That followed the Romans' destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem in A.D. 70

a Roman emperor fighting three rivals for leadership of Rome; he had marched to the Tiber River at Rome to battle his chief rival; on the day before the battle at Milvian Bridge, he prayed for divine help; he reported that he then saw an image of a cross—a symbol of Christianity; he ordered artisans to put the Christian symbol on his soldier's shields; he credited his success to the help of the Christian God; in the next year, A.D. 313, he announced an end to the persecution of Christians.

a high-ranking Christian official who supervises a number of local churches

an apostle who traveled to Rome from Jerusalem and became the first bishop there; later bishops of Rome claimed to be the heirs this man; These bishops said that he was the first pope, the father or head of the Christian Church

the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church

a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services

a soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign country

He became emperor in A.D. 284; a strong-willed army leader, became the new emperor; he ruled with an iron fist and severely limited personal freedoms; he restored order to the empire and increased its strength; he doubled the size of the Roman army; he sought to control inflation by setting fixed prices for goods

He became emperor in A.D. 284; a strong-willed army leader, became the new emperor; he ruled with an iron fist and severely limited personal freedoms; he restored order to the empire and increased its strength; he doubled the size of the Roman army; he sought to control inflation by setting fixed prices for goods

in A.D. 330, Constantine moved the capital from Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium;
Located on the Bosporus Strait, strategically located for trade and defense purposes on a crossroads between West and East; The city eventually took a new name—Constantinople (or the city of Constantine).

a powerful chieftain who united the Huns in A.D. 444; With his 100,000 soldiers, Attila terrorized
both halves of the empire. In the East, his armies attacked and plundered 70 cities; In A.D. 452, Attila's forces advanced against Rome, but bouts of famine and disease kept them from conquering the city.

greco - roman culture

an ancient culture that developed from a blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures

a Roman town; in A.D. 79, nearby Mount Vesuvius erupted, covering the town in a thick layer of ash and killing about 2,000 residents. The ash acted to preserve many buildings and works of art.

a poet who spent ten years writing the most famous work of Latin literature, the Aeneid (ih•NEE•ihd), the epic of the legendary Aeneas. He modeled the Aeneid, written in praise of Rome and
Roman virtues, after the Greek epics of Homer.

a Roman historian, is notable among ancient historians because he presented the facts accurately. He also was concerned about the Romans' lack of morality. In his Annals and Histories, he wrote about the good and bad of imperial Rome.

a pipeline or channel built to carry water to populated areas

an Indo-European person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.

a war fought around 1200 B.C., in which an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia

a Greek speaking people that, according to tradition, migrated into mainland Greece after the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization

a blind Greek poet who composed the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey between 750 and 700 B.C.

a long narrative poem celebrating the deeds of legendary or traditional heroes

a traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to explain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society

a Greek city-state—the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 B.C.

a fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

a government in which power is in the hands of a single person

a government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

a government in which power is in the hands of a few people—especially one in which rule is based upon wealth

in ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor for support

a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives

in the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land

a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

a series of wars in the fifth century B.C., in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire

direct democracy

a government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives

the art of ancient Greece and Rome, in which harmony, order, and proportion were emphasized

a serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character

a humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick and satire

peloponesian war

a war lasting from 431 to 404 B.C., in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies

a thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality

470-399 B.C.) a Greek philosopher who believed that absolute standards did exist for truth and justice. One of the founders of Western philosophy. He was a critic of the Sophists. He was condemned to death in 399 B.C.

(427-347 B.C.) a Greek philosopher; in the 370s B.C., he wrote his most famous work, The Republic; student of Socrates

(384-322 B.C.) a Greek philosopher; student of Plato; tutor for Alexander the Great; founded the Lyceum

became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C.; a brilliant general and ruthless politician; conquered Greece in 338 B.C.

kingdom located north of Greece with a rough terrain and a cold climate

alexander the great

brutally crushed a rebellion at Thebes; in 334 B.C. he led an invasion of Persia; he won significant battles at Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela and finally destroyed the Persian empire

Persian king who suffered several defeats against Alexander the Great; murdered by one of his provincial governors

relating to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of the Greek world from the reign of Alexander the Great to the late second century B.C.; Greek (also known as Hellenic) culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences.

the Egyptian city became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.

a highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria; his best-known book, Elements, contained 465 carefully presented geometry propositions and proofs. his work is still the basis for courses in geometry.

important Hellenistic scientist from Syracuse, studied at Alexandria. He accurately estimated the value of pi; explained the law of the lever; he invented a device that raised water from the ground, and the compound pulley to lift heavy objects

colossus of rhodes

an enormous Hellenistic statute that formerly stood near the harbor of Rhodes

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