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AP HUGE Unit 2 Vocabulary

Terms in this set (44)

Aging Index
The number of people, per 100, that are younger than 15 years old. Helps with population pyramids.
Arithmetic Population Density
The total number of people divided by the total land area.
Chain Migration
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there.
Child Mortality Rate (CMR)
A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.
Chronic Disease
A disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time.
Colonization
One country taking over another area to be used for their benefit.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Demographic Transition Model
A model of the sequences of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.
Dependency Ratio
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.
endemic
A disease confined to a particular country, area or group of people. May also be known as an epidemic.
Epidemiologic Transition
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
Eugenic Population Policy
Government policy designed to favor one race over another.
Expansive Population Policy
Government policy that encourages large families and raises the rate of population growth.
Forced Migration
Permanent movement, usually compelled by cultural factors.
Gender
The socially constructed roles and characteristics by which a culture defines male, female, or any self-proclaimed name
Genetic Disease
Any disorder or disease caused directly by a genetic mechanism
Gravity Model
A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.
Guest Workers
A term once used for a worker who migrated to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of a higher-paying job.
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.
Infectious Disease
A disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one individual to another, either slowly or rapidly.
Internal Migration
Permanent movement within a particular country.
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border.
International Migration
Permanent movement from one country to another.
Intervening Opportunity
The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away. In other words, an opportunity that attracts you away from something.
Islands of Development
Places built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure
Life Expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
One-Child Policy
A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China, allowing only one-child per family.
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
Physiological Population Density
The number of people per unit area of arable land, or land suitable for agriculture.
Population Pyramid
A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex.
Pull Factors
Factors that induce people to move to a new location.
Push Factors
Factors that induce people to leave old residences.
Refugees
People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion.
Remittances
Money migrants sent back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries.
Repatriation
A refugee or group of refugees returning to their home country, usually with the assistance of government or a non-governmental organization.
Restrictive Population Policy
Government policy designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.
Transhumance
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
Undocumented Immigrants
People who enter a country without proper documents.
Voluntary Migration
Permanent movement undertaken by choice.
Zero Population Growth (ZPG)
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.
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