CLINICAL EXAM 1

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IV Solutions

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Isotonic solutions are administered to expand only the ECF. These solutions are used in patients with an ECF volume deficit.

Isotonic Solutions

Isotonic solutions have no total loss or gain in concentrations of ICF. Ringer's solution and lactated ringer's contains sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and lactate. This type of fluid is not used in patients with hyperkalemia and lactic acidosis since they have a decreased ability to convert lactate to bicarbonate. Isotonic saline can be used for a patient who has fluid and sodium losses or for patients that experienced hypovolemic shock.

Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl

Increases plasma volume when red blood cells are adequate and replaces losses without altering fluid concentrations. This is used as a maintenance solution although it doesn't replace daily losses of other electrolytes.

Lactated Ringer's:

This is normal saline with electrolytes and buffers that stabilize pH. This is often used in surgery and patients with burns.

Ringer's solution:

Does not provide free water or calories and is used to expand the intravascular volume and replace extracellular fluid losses. Ringer's is also used to treat losses from burns and lower GI. May be used to treat mild metabolic acidosis.