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Forensics Chpt. 1

Terms in this set (34)

Forensic science is the application of science to:
law
The fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by:
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Who is known as the "father of forensic toxicology"?
Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila
Who developed anthropology?
Alphonse Bertillon
Who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification?
Francis Galton
Who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations?
Leone Lattes
Who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner?
Calvin Goddard
Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation?
Hans Gross
Who established the first workable crime laboratory?
Edmond Locard
The exchange of evidence principle was theorized by:
Locard
The oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the:
Los Angeles Police Department
Approximately how many operating crime labs are in the United States?
400
What can rightfully be cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs during the last 25 years?
Increase in Supreme Court cases
Which entity maintains the largest crime laboratory in the world?
FBI
What would be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab?
Trace and DNA evidence
Which unit is responsible for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons?
toxicology unit
The concepts of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the
Frye Standard
In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:
trial judge
An expert witness must be able to demonstrate:
Skill in trade or profession of interest to the court, significant experience in a relevant field, and education in his/her area of expertise.
The final evaluator of forensic evidence is the:
jury
The rate of cooling of a dead body can be influenced by:
exposure to direct sunlight, weather conditions. location. size of body.
As the post mortem interval increases, the concentration of potassium in the vitreous humor of the eye:
increases
What are the manners of death?
natural, accident, suicide, homicide, undetermined
According to forensic entomologists, which "witness" is the first to arrive at the crime scene?
blow fly
What matters are the province of civil litigation?
Sell property, purchase vehicle, prepare a will, refuse medical treatment
Bite marks would likely be found in cases involving...
Arson
Rigor mortis refers to the
stiffness of death
Forensic Odontology
study of teeth
One of the earliest crime laboratories was founded by:
Edmond Locard
The judicial case that set forth the most current guidelines for determining the admissibility of scientific examinations in the federal courts is:
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
The case of Frye v. United States deals with the legal issue of
General acceptance of scientific principles
The effectiveness of an expert's testimony is almost always dependent on
Experience ability, education, scientific validity
The process of which the body cools after death
Algor mortis
What techniques can be used to estimate the time of death?
Livor mortis, rigor mortis, algor mortis, basic decomposition
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