10.1 - Immigration, Urbanization and Reform (Immigration and Urbanization)

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The name for the immigrants who arrived in the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s. They were different from the "Old Immigrants" in that they were often from Southern and Eastern Europe, were Catholic, Orthodox Christian or Jewish instead of Protestant. Unlike earlier groups of immigrants, they were also often poor and uneducated with few skills.

Ellis Island

Major immigration station in New York Harbor.

Angel Island

Major immigration station in San Francisco Harbor.

Ethnic Neighborhoods

Areas in major cities where groups of immigrants concentrated. They usually had restaurants, grocery stores, newspapers, support organizations and churches that served the neighborhood's immigrant population.

Nativism

A belief that people born in the United States are superior to immigrants.

Josiah Strong

A leading nativist in the late 1800s. He disliked the New Immigrants and argued for literacy tests. He eventually helped end the waves of immigration that characterized the turn of the century.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Law passed in 1882 ending immigration from China and preventing Chinese immigrants already in the United States from applying for citizenship.