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intro to chemistry
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Gravity
Terms in this set (41)
dalton's atomic theory
all matter is composed of small & indivisible particles, which are called atoms
dalton's atomic theory
all atoms of a given element are identical both in mass & chemical properties. atoms of different elements have different masses & chemical properties
dalton's atomic theory
atoms are not created, destroyed or converted into other kinds of atoms in chemical reactions
dalton's atomic theory
atoms combine in simple, fixed, whole-number ratios to form compounds
all matter is composed of small & indivisible particles, which are called atoms
false because atoms can still be divided into 3 subatomic particles (protons, neutrons & electrons)
all atoms of a given element are identical both in mass & chemical properties
false because atoms of a certain element can have slightly different masses (isotopes)
proton
positive charge; inside nucleus
electron
negative charge; outside nucleus; lightest
neutron
no charge; inside nucleus
periodic table of elements
represents physical & chemical behavior of elements
periodic table of elements
arranges elements by increasing atomic number
atomic number
number of protons in an atom
atomic number
atoms of different elements differ by the number of protons in their nucleus
atomic number
all atoms of an element have the same number of protons
mass number
number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an element's atom
mass number
sum of atomic number & neutrons
neutron number
number of neutrons in the nucleus of an element's atom
neutral atoms
electrons = protons (atomic number)
isotopes
variants of an element with different neutron numbers
isotopes
still have the same proton & electron numbers
periods
each row; elements in each of these have the same number of electron shells
groups/families
columns
electron shells
energy levels
electron shells
determines how an atom behaves when it encounters other atoms
valence electrons
number of electrons at the outermost energy level
valence electrons
determined by group it belongs to
valence electrons
define how certain elements interact with other elements
how to represent valence electrons
bohr's model & lewis dot method
ions
atoms/molecules with a net electric charge
forming ions
losing or gaining an electron
cation
positively charged ion; gives electron
cation
loss of electron
cation
commonly formed in metals
anion
negatively charged ion; receives electron
anion
gain of electron
anion
commonly formed by nonmetals
atomic number
not affected when atom becomes an ion
group IA - IIIA
cations
group VA - VIIA
anions
octet rule
to achieve stable state, atoms should have 8 electrons on the outermost energy level
octet rule
have valence shells similar to noble gases
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