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Pharm- chp 44, 51

Terms in this set (44)

diuretic agents
drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation
removal of sodium and water
what is the result of diuretic agents?
nephron
functional unit of the kidney
filters out toxic waste and conserves needed substances
nephron
where do diuretic drugs work in?
metabolic acidosis
what side effect may occur 2-4 days after starting carbonic anhydrase inhibitor therapy
dehydration and potassium depletion
what are 2 major problems when using loop diuretics?
potassium supplement
patients who are on lasix should also be taking what?
rapid dieresis, rapid onset of action
loop diuretics are very useful when what is needed? why?
orthostatic hypotension
when taking loop diuretics watch for this side effect since this drug decreases BP as well...
ototoxicity
long term use of loop diuretics can lead to what? but it is rare for this to happen
early, oliguric phase of acute renal failure
osmotic diuretics are use in the treatment of patients that are in what?
aldosterone
potassium-sparing diuretics block the actions of what in the distal tubule?
thiazide diuretic
most common diuretic
digoxin
what drug should you not take or have caution with when taking thiazide diuretics?
morning
when should pts take diuretics?
potassium
what lab value do you always need to monitor when taking diuretics?
baseline fluid volume status
what is very important to assess in a patient taking diuretics?
potassium rich foods
what should a patient be eating when they are taking diuretics (except potassium sparing diuretics)?
thiazide and loop
when taking which diuretics should a diabetic patient monitor their blood glucose?
>2 lb in 1 day or >5 lb in 1 week
when does a patient need to report their weight gain when taking diuretics and cardio tonic agents?
rapid heart rate or syncope
what symptoms may reflect hypotension or fluid loss?
licorice
Excessive consumption of what food can lead to additive hypokalemia in patients taking thiazides
heart failure
The heart is unable to pump blood in sufficient amounts from the ventricles to meet the body's metabolic needs
chronic heart failure
Condition in which the heart fails to effectively pump blood throughout the body
contract better
primary treatment of chronic heart failure allows the heart muscle to do what?
lungs
left sided heart failure, heart is backing up into what?
body
right sided heart failure, heart is backing up into what?
vasodilators
used for CHF- decrease workload of overworked cardiac muscle
diuretics
used for CHF- decrease blood volume, which decreases venous return and BP
beta blockers
used for CHF- Stimulate the beta-receptors in the sympathetic nervous system, increasing calcium flow into the myocardial cells, and causing increased contraction
inotropic
force or energy of muscular contractions
chronotropic
rate of the heartbeat
dromotropic
the conduction of electrical impulses
refractory period
rest period between the SA node and AV node
reduces HR and improves cardiac efficiency
what is the result of digoxin?
nocturnal dyspnea, cough, cyanosis
cardiac glycosides provide a relief of what?
30-40 hours
how long is the half-life of digoxin?
0.5-2.0
therapeutic window of digoxin
colored vision, halo vision, flickering lights
visual disturbances that are a good sign of digoxin toxicity
weekly 6 hr infusions
how is milirinone usually given?
allows more time to refill and improves cardiac output
slowing the heart rate has what affect?
apical pulse for 1 min
what do you always need to assess with pt taking CHF medications?
high-fiber food
what should you avoid giving digoxin with?
apical pulse <60 or >120
for what assessment finding should you hold the dose and notify the dr if a patient is taking CHF medications?
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