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GOVT-2305.WS2 First test

Terms in this set (88)

At the Constitutional Convention, the delegates agreed that slaves would be counted as __________ of a person for determining population for representation in the House of Representatives.

How many constitutions has the United States had in its history?

The U.S. Constitution was adopted in response to the weaknesses of the Articles of __________.

Which clause provides that the Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land?

Which of the following generally favored a strong national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution?

How many amendments have been made to the Constitution since its ratification?

Which constitutional amendment allowed voting for citizens who were eighteen or older?

Which of the following philosophers greatly influenced the colonists' views on the role of government?

How many of the thirteen colonies voted for independence?

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution contains which powers of Congress?

What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has the means to thwart or influence actions by other branches of government?

checks and balances

Which of the following specifies the procedure for amending the Constitution?

In the United States, the national government derives its power from which of the following?

What was the subject of the Great Compromise?

the form of the legislative branch

Which of the following was a problem under the Articles of Confederation?

Citizens lacked a national identity.

Which of the following is a reason for the separation of powers?

to prevent tyranny by any one branch

Which of the following was part of both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution?

Which of the following can be found in Article I?

necessary and proper clause

Which government entity has the power to settle disputes between the states?

Aside from the First Amendment, what portion of the U.S. Constitution deals with the relationship between the state and religion?

Which of the following is the best definition of federalism?

A constitutional arrangement by which power is distributed between a central government and state governments.

__________ is the right of state to declare a federal law void.

The __________ Amendment says that says that those powers not given to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution are reserved for the states and the people.

Article VI of the U.S. Constitution establishes that federal law is __________ in conflicts between federal and state law.

Which of the following is a concurrent power?

The Supremacy Clause establishes that state laws will prevail over conflicting federal laws.

Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another?

Full Faith and Credit

The __________ party favored a strong national government.

All of the powers of the federal government are expressly enumerated in the Constitution.

What are reserved powers?

Powers not specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution.

Nullification was particularly prominent during which era in American history?

Any power not specifically delegated to the states by the Constitution is reserved to the national government.

Which of the following is an example of a reserved power of the states?

imposing the death penalty

Which of the following is an enumerated power of the national government?

control over money supply

Which of the following did Dred Scott v. Sanford address in terms of states' rights?

The doctrine of preemption is based on which clause of the U.S. Constitution?

The New Deal best exemplifies which type of federalism?

__________ powers are shared by the federal and state governments.

What are the two types of powers given to the national government under the United States Constitution?

enumerated; implied

The federal system established in the United States was a direct response to the ineffective national government under the Articles of Confederation.

Which of the following best explains the rationale for the selective incorporation of freedom of assembly?

It is a fundamental freedom essential to order, liberty, and justice.

Substantive due process means that states have a legal burden to prove that their laws __________.

are a valid exercise of power

The free exercise clause guarantees that the national government will not interfere with which of the following?

The Supreme Court briefly outlawed which of the following in the 1970s by asserting that it was being imposed in an arbitrary manner?

capital punishment

Which amendment protects the right to bear arms?

Which of the following is an example of procedural due process?

the right to a speedy trial

Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court found to be one of the penumbras of unstated liberties linked to explicitly stated rights?

right to privacy

Which of the following is responsible for determining whether enough evidence exists to go to trial?

The Supreme Court has ruled that states can limit abortions if the regulations do not pose which of the following?

an undue burden

Which Supreme Court case is most closely associated with the exclusionary rule?

The Sixth Amendment sets out basic requirements for which type of due process?

In 2008, the Supreme Court ruled that detainees have a right to which of the following?

A defamatory, false written statement is __________; the same statement spoken aloud is __________.

The Fourth Amendment of the Constitution protects against unreasonable __________.

Which of the following generally is unconstitutional in school?

mandatory prayer

The Military Commission Act of 2006 was ruled unconstitutional because it violated detainees' rights to __________.

According to Justice Blackmun, a woman has an absolute right to __________.

an abortion during her first trimester

Selective incorporation makes the protections in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states through which of the following amendments?

The Bill of Rights is made up of the first __________ amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

If a police officer has a reasonable belief that someone is committing or about to commit a crime, that officer can stop the suspect __________.

without getting a warrant

To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected during the decades following Reconstruction?

Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans after Reconstruction were largely unsuccessful for decades.

What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People use most effectively to challenge segregated law school admissions?

The provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits any state from denying "any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" is known as the __________ clause.

equal protection

Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely need to implement in order to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act?

installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted __________.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) regarding the internment of American citizens of Japanese ancestry living in the United States?

It was permissible because the United States was at war with Japan.

What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery, Alabama

What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of ducation?

school segregation

If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome this legacy of discrimination?

a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group that experienced discrimination

Of the following people, who could serve in the military under the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy?

closeted gays and lesbians

How do the rational basis and the intermediate standard of review differ?

It is easier for the government to demonstrate that there is a rational basis for a law than to meet the requirements of the intermediate standard.

The Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery. When was it passed?

immediately after the Civil War

Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies?

Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.

What was the primary focus at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention for activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott?

Which of the following books helped inspire abolitionists?

Uncle Tom's Cabin

If you thought you were getting an inferior public education because of your ethnicity, which part of the Constitution would you rely on most heavily to justify your case?

the Fourteenth Amendment

According to the Supreme Court's decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883), in which of the following areas could Congress prohibit discrimination against African Americans?

Which of the following led President Abraham Lincoln to describe the author as "the little woman who started the big war"?

Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin

What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment served as a cornerstone of the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education?

the equal protection clause

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.

the Nineteenth Amendment

What are civil liberties?

The First Amendment to the Constitution protects five basic freedoms:

freedom of religion, freedom of speech, free- dom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom to petition the government.

These civil liberties are the cornerstone of our democracy.

What are civil rights?

the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.
Civil Rights. The term civil rights refers to the basic rights afforded, by laws of the government, to every person, regardless of race, nationality, color, gender, age, religion, or disability.

Article 1The Legislative Branch

List the powers of Congress

Article 2:The Executive Branch

List the powers of the President

Article 3The Judiciary

List the powers of the Judiciary

The Preamble to the Constitution

A preamble is a brief introduction to a speech, like the Preamble to the Constitution that starts out "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union...do ordain and establish this Constitution." Preamble comes from the Latin praeambulus which means "walking before."

List the Functions of Government

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,

establish Justice,
insure domestic Tranquility,
provide for the common defense,
promote the general Welfare, and
secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity,

do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Bill of Rights, 1791

The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed to assuage the fears of Anti-Federalists

Verified questions

question

A manager of a local retail store analyzes the relationship between Advertising (in $\$ 100$ ) and Sales (in $\$ 1,000$ ) by reviewing the store's data for the previous six months. Construct a scatterplot and comment on whether or not a relationship exists. $$ \begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \text { Advertising } & \text { Sales } \\ \hline 20 & 15 \\ \hline 25 & 18 \\ \hline 30 & 20 \\ \hline 22 & 16 \\ \hline 27 & 19 \\ \hline 26 & 20 \\ \hline \end{array} $$

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finance

Maguire Company acquires 100% control over Williams Company. Several years after the takeover, consolidated financial statements are being produced. For each of the following accounts, briefly describe the values that should be included in consolidated totals. *a.* Equipment. *b.* Investment in Williams Company. *c.* Dividends Declared. *d.* Goodwill. *e.* Revenues. *f.* Expenses. *g.* Common Stock. *h.* Net Income.

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algebra

List the four major steps in career planning. What are you doing to prepare your career plans?

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question

You are the chairperson of a political party. Write a short speech detailing the roles that political parties play.

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