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BIO181 - Mitosis/Meiosis

Terms in this set (46)

cytokinesis, interphase
Mitosis is just one part of the cell cycle. In fact, the mitotic (M) phase, which includes both mitosis and _____, is usually the shortest part of the cell cycle. Mitotic cell division alternates with a much longer stage called _____, which often accounts for about 90% of the cycle. It is during this phase that the cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division.
synthesis, G2, proteins, S
In mitosis, interphase can be divided into subphases: the G1 phase ("first gap"), the S phase ("_____"), and the _____ phase ("second gap"). During all three subphases, the cell grows by producing ______ and cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. However, chromosomes are duplicated only during the _____ phase.
cell
smallest entity capable of exhibiting the properties of life
nucleus
stores genetic blueprint
chromatin
DNA and protein = ______
chromosomes
Chromatin condenses to form ______
46
Humans have ___ chromosomes
sex, homologous
Except for _____ chromosomes, chromosomes occur in _____ (matched - one from mom, one from dad) pairs in almost all species.
parent
The main point of cellular reproduction (mitosis and meiosis) is to pass along _____ information in the form of DNA that make up chromosomes.
interphase, M
The cell has two phases, _____ (90% of cell cycle) and_____ phase, (includes mitosis).
S or synthesis
Interphase's subphaes are G1, _____, and G2.
G1
Interphase, Subphase ___: Cell grows and carries out metabolic processes. Organelles form.
S
DNA replication occurs. Chromatin is replicated.
G2
Cell grows and prepares for mitosis.
chromatin
Interphase relates to chromatin or chromosomes?
chromosomes
Mitosis relates to chromatin or chromosomes?
prophase
At what stage of mitosis does the following happen? Chromatin condense into chromosomes, sister chromatids pair, nuclear envelope disappears, centrosomes (along with centrioles) appear, spindle fibers form between them
metaphase
At what stage of mitosis does the following happen? Sister chromatids align themselves in the middle of the cell, held together by spindle fibers, centrioles are at opposite ends of the cell
anaphase
At what stage of mitosis does the following happen? Sister chromatids (now chromosomes) move apart to opposite poles of the cell, pulled toward centrioles by spindle fibers
telophase
At what stage of mitosis does the following happen? Former sister chromatids (now chromosomes) move completely to opposite ends of cell, the chromosomes unravel, returning to chromatin, the nuclear envelop reforms, surrounding two new sets of chromosomes, centrioles and spindle fibers dissolve
cytokinesis
Division of parent cell cytoplasm into two (daughter cell) compartments, each with their own nucleus
animal
Cytokinesis in _____ cells: A cleavage furrow forms around the outside of a dividing cell. It pinches the cell and its contents into two new cells.
plant
Cytokinesis in _____ cells: A cell plate forms from vesicles that will give rise to the new cell wall.
eggs, sperm
Meisosis is related to sexual reproduction. The end result is _____ and _____.
Somatic
_____ cells are all body cells except sex cells and are related to mitosis.
Sex
_____ cells include egg and sperm and are related to meiosis.
23
In humans, ALL somatic cells have ____ PAIRS.
23
In humans, mature sex cells (egg and sperm) have ___ chromosomes (not pairs).
Homologous
______ chromosomes: Matched pairs of chromosomes. These pairs code for same trait. You get one from mom and other from dad and they're delivered by the egg and sperm.
autosomes
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are _____.
sex
The 23rd chromosome is the _____ chromosome.
two, one
In meiosis, there are ____ cell divisions and ___ chromosonal replication(s).
half
In meiosis, daughter cells (sperm and egg) end up with _____ the number of chromosomes as parent cell.
two
Meiosis has ____ sets of meiotic divisions.
Prophase I
In _____, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, sister chromatids pair, homologous pairs join (synapsis), crossing over occurs, the nuclear membrane disappears, and centrioles and spindle fibers function as they did in mitosis.
Metaphase I
In _____, the homologous pairs (called tetrads) move to the middle and centrioles and spindle fibers function as they did in mitosis.
Anaphase I
In _____, homologous pairs of chromosomes move apart and centrioles and spindle fibers function as they did in mitosis.
Telophase I
In _____, homologous pairs separate completely, chromosomes unravel to form chromatin, a nuclear envelope forms, and centrioles and spindle fibers function as they did in mitosis.
Cytokinesis I
In _____, two daughter cells are formed.
Interkinesis, no
______ is the stage of meiosis between the two meiotic divisions, the "resting stage." Is genetic material duplicated here?
Prophase II
In _____, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, sister chromatids pair up, the nuclear membrane dissolves, and centrioles and spindle fibers function as they did in mitosis.
Metaphase II
In _____, sister chromatids move to middle of cell and centrioles and spindle fibers function as they did in mitosis.
Anaphase II
In _____, sister chromatids move apart and centrioles and spindle fibers function as they did in mitosis.
Telophase II
In _____, single chromatids (also called chromosomes-just to confuse you) move completely to opposite ends of the cell, chromosomes unravel into chromatin, nuclear envelope forms around each set of divided chromosomes/chromatin, and centrioles and spindle fibers function as they did in mitosis.
Cytokinesis II, four
In _____, the cytoplasm is divided, each with its new nucleus; haploid cells form (half the number of chromsomes as parent cell). ____ daughter cells are formed from each cell that enters meiosis.
Prophase I
Crossing over occurs during _____. This results in exchange of genetic information betwen members of homologous pairs and is the reason that we don't look exactly like one parent or the other.
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