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Nealk2013 up to and WWII

Terms in this set (83)

Washington Disarmament Conference
included major naval powers in world, agreeed to limit number and size of battle ships that nation could own, and banned construction of a new battle ship
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another
Dawes and Young Plans
US gave loans to Germany to pay France who could pay back the US because Germans were in economic deposition
Stimson Doctrine
US response to 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria
Good Neighbor Policy
President Franklin Roosevelt's policy intended to strengthen friendly relations with Latin America
Nye Committee
1930's senate investigation that linked economic interests in the U.S. to the U.S. entry into WWI.
Neutrality Acts, 1935-1937
a series of laws enacted to prevent US arms sales and loans to nations at war
Panay Incident
1937 - On the Yangtze River in China, Japanese aircraft sank an American gunboat escorting tankers. The U.S. accepted Japan's apologies.
"Quarantine the Aggressor"
1937 speech by FDR; Proposed that democracies of the world should isolate aggressor nations; Public reaction to speech was negative
Neutrality Act of 1939
European democracies might buy American war materials on a "cash-and-carry basis"; improved American moral and economic position
Lend-Lease Act
allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S
Atlantic Charter
1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII amd to work for peace after the war
America First Committee
Group formed in 1940 by isolationists to block further aid to Britain.
Operation Overlord
the code name for the Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy on June 6, 1944; also known as D-Day
Teheran Conference
Meeting in 1943; Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill; confirmed their defense to crush Hitler.
Yalta Conference
1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war
Potsdam Conference
Conference where Truman, Atlee and Stalin complete post-war agreements. Trinity test is successful during this time
Manhattan Project
code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II; proposed to FDR by Albert Einstein
J. Robert Oppenheimer
leader of Manhattan project
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman
Executive Order 9066
put japanese american's in internment camps
Blitzkrieg
German term meaning "lightning war"; term applied to the rapid German military advance into Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, and France in 1939 and 1940.
Bracero Program
Wartime agreement between the US and Mexico to import farm workers to meet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947.
Cash and carry
Key provisions of the Neutrality act of 1039 that allowed the US to sell arms and other contraband as long as nations paid cash and shipped the goods on their own vessels
Final Solution
Plan for the extermination of the Jewish population in the Nazi-occupied Europe; a total of 6 million jews were killed in death camps such as those established at Auschwitz, Belzec, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka.
Internment
Detaining enemy aliens during wartime; term specifically applied to Japanese aliens and Japanese-Americans living on the West Coast (and elsewhere in the US) who were sent to relocation centers (Manzanar, Topaz, etc.) In 1942 allegedly because of possible disloyalty.
Kamikaze
Literally "divine wind," Japanese term for fighter pilots who crashed their planes into American warships during the latter stages of World War 2
Merchants of Death
Term used by Senator Gerald P. Nye to describe the munitions-makers whom he blamed for forcing the United States into World War I. Nye headed a committee that investigated the industry from 1934 to 1936.
Rosie the Riveter
Term that came to symbolize all women who worked in defense plants and other industries during WWII
Second Front
British and American invasion of France to relieve pressure on the Soviet Union in the east; Stalin had insisted on opening the second front from June 1941, but the invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord) did not take place until June 1944.
Sphere of Influence
An area in which a nation seeks to be dominant by securing preferential treatment of a political, economic, and/or social nature
Victory Gardens
Plots of land set aside by Americans during WWI & WWII for the cultivation of vegetables so as to limit the purchase of produce in stores.
Quarantine Speech
attempted to persuade other nations to place an embargo against "aggressive" nations
Lend-Lease
allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S; Burton Wheeler disagreed with it
Fascism
Glorifying the state, Propaganda and Censorship widely practiced and No opposition or protests are tolerated
Adolf Hitler
Leader of the Nazi regime in Germany
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator that desperately supported a two-front war with Germany
Franklin Roosevelt
U.S. president that signed the Neutrality Acts
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister during WWII
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator that was determined to initiate another Roman empire.
Harry Truman
Leader that made the controversial decision to drop the atomic bomb.
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941—a date which
will live in infamy
Allied Powers
United States, Russia, Great Britain
Tuskegee Airmen
The first African American fighter squadron
The Battle of Stalingrad
Turning point of WWII in Europe, Huge German Losses, Opened the road to Berlin
The Bataan Death March
This event brought war crimes against Japan for their inhumane treatment of America & Philippine POW'S
rationing
The process of limiting and conserving the use of various products to make sure there were enough for the military
The Great Migration
African-Americans move from the south to the north in search of factory jobs
Kamikaze
Suicide pilots that flew their planes directly into their targets
The Manhattan Project
Name of Los Alamos project to develop the Atomic Bomb
Auschwitz
Nazi extermination camp
Zoot-Suit Riots
Racial tensions that erupted between young Mexican-Americans and U.S. sailors
Pearl Harbor
Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor because they...

wanted to cripple the U.S. fleet long enough in order to take control of resources in the South Pacific
Fat Man and Little Boy
names of the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan
D-Day
The Ally led invastion at Normandy (Northern France)
Battle of the Bulge
Germany's last major offensive on the Western front
Isolationism
staying out of war
ships for bases deal
US gives britain some old destroyers to fight the germans for the right to build military bases in the Carribean
appeasement
practice of giving in to an aggressor nation's demands in order to keep peace; what they did with Hiltler for a while
"cash and carry"
neutrality act; can't sell anything to anyone unless they pay in cash and use their own ships to get the stuff they bought
Atlantic Charter
product of a secret by FDR and Churchill in Newfoundland; discussed post war aims and goals; advocated self determination of peoples; opposed territorial explosion; wanted an international security (UN)
Blitzkrieg
lightning war; fast moving tanks and air power; attacked scandinavia, france, denmarck, norway, poland
Selective Training and Service act of 1940
Signed into law by FDR is required that ll men between the ages of 21 and 35 to register with the local draft boards. It drafted men through a lottery system were men would serve for 12 months.
nonaggression pact
1939-Secret agreement between German leader Hitler and Soviet Leader Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland
America First Committee
An isolationist group that firmly opposed any American intervention or aid to the Allies--created after FDR lent Britain destroyers; headed by Robert E. Wood
War Production Board
saw how many resources everyone needed and helped produce for the war; government agency that decided which companies would make war materials and how to distribute raw materials
Office of Prize Administration
controlled prices of everything to avoid inflation and to have rations
St. Louis(boat)
symbol of international apathy towards Jewish persecution as no country would let the Jewish passengers dock or enter the country
Smith-Connally Act(War Labor Disputes Act)
Required unions to wait 30 days before striking and empowered president to seize the struck war plant
Rationed consumer goods
coffee, sugar, meat, butter, canned goods, tires, gasoline, fuel oil,etc.
totalitarianism
government control over every aspect of public and private life.
Communism
a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
Neville Chamberlain
British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany
Munich Pact
A 1938 agreement between Great Britain and Germany to appease Hitler; British Prime Minister Chamberlain said it guaranteed "peace in our time"
Charles De Gaulle
French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile
Axis Powers
in World War II, the nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan, which had formed an alliance in 1936.
Allied Powers
France, Britain, USSR, United States, and China as well as 45 other countries that opposed the Axis powers in World War II
Emperor Hirohito
emperor of Japan during WWII. his people viewed him as a god
Hideki Tojo
Prime Minister of Japan during World War II.
Holocaust
the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler
Kristallnacht
Night of Broken Glass, Nov 9 1938 night when the Nazis killed or injured many jews & destroyed many Jewish properties
genocide
the planned annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group
concentration camp
a prison camp operated by Nazi Germany in which Jews and other groups considered to be enemies of Adolf Hitler were starved while doing slave labor or were murdered
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