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A&P Lecture Exam 1 Questions

Terms in this set (80)

The level of organization of the body between the cellular and organ level is which level?
Tissue
The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing is called what?
Homeostasis
Glands of which system secrete hormones for growth, reproduction, and metabolism?
Endocrine System
Which system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels; involved in immunity?
Lymphatic System
Which system forms external body covering, protects deeper tissues from injury?
Integumentary System
Which system eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body?
Urinary System
Provide an example of an organ system responsible for these life functions:
Digestion
Digestive System: Stomach/Large Intestine
Provide an example of an organ system responsible for these life functions:
Growth
Skeletal/Muscular System or Endocrine System
Provide an example of an organ system responsible for these life functions:
Responsiveness
Nervous System
Name an example of a survival needed to maintain life
Oxygen, Water, Nutrients
The part of the homeostatic control mechanism which receives the input and determines the appropriate response is what?
Control Center
What type of feedback mechanism causes a variable change in a direction opposite to the initial change and restores it back to its ideal value ("set point")
Negative
Provide an example of a positive feedback mechanism
Enhancement of labor contractions by Oxytocin
The body plane which divides superior and inferior regions of the body is which plane?
Transverse
The region which is superior to the umbilical region is what region?
Epigastric
The body cavities containing only the lungs are the...?
Pleural
Choose the best directional term:
The clavicle is ___________ between the sternum and shoulder
Intermediate
Choose the best directional term:
The spine is ___________ to the heart
Dorsal
The toes are ________ to the knee
Distal
The armpit is _________ to the elbow
Proximal
The energy involved in making and breaking bonds, is an example of what?
Chemical Energy
Which form of energy is involved in riding a bicycle?
Mechanical Energy
The energy of doing work is known as ___________ energy?
Kinetic
Stored energy is known as what?
Potential
Salts are typically formed by what type of bonds?
Ionic
What type of covalent bond forms a single water molecule?
Polar Covalent Bond
What type of chemical bonds are found between water molecules?
Hydrogen
The breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules is an example of what type of reaction?
Decomposition
In what type of organic molecule would you find a peptide bond?
Amino Acids
Substances which have a low pH (like lemon juice) and release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water are what?
Acids
What is the importance of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate system in the human body?
It converts strong acids or bases into weak ones, keeping the pH of the body neutral
Match the building block to the molecule:
Neutral Fat (Triglyceride)
3 Fatty Acids and 1 Glycerol
Match the building block to the molecule:
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Match the building block to the molecule:
Protein
Amino Acid
Match the building block to the molecule:
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
The high-energy organic molecule which provides chemical energy for all living cells by storing the energy in phosphate bonds is what?
ATP
The process by which a disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides by the removal of water is known as what?
Dehydration Synthesis
Match the protein structure:
The number and sequence of amino acids
Primary
Match the protein structure:
The protein's shape/conformation (e.g. alpha helix, pleated sheets)
Secondary
Match the protein structure:
How the protein subunits fold together (e.g. hemoglobin, collagen)
Quaternary
Match the protein structure:
The folding of a protein (often globular)
Tertiary
The way an enzyme speeds up a reaction is by?
Lowering the activation energy of the reaction
The process by which globular proteins unravel due to variations in temperature or pH is called?
Denaturation
DNA or RNA?
The nitrogen-containing bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil
RNA
DNA or RNA?
The structure is a double stranded helix
DNA
DNA or RNA?
Carries out instructions for protein synthesis; mostly in the cytoplasm
RNA
Which type of chemical bonds hold together the strands of DNA?
Hydrogen Bonds
The type of molecule which has a hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head region and makes up a large portion of the plasma membrane is:
Phospholipid
The plasma membrane is called a "selectively permeable membrane", what does selective permeable mean?
Determines what will and will not pass through
The type of membrane junctions which connects and allows sharing of materials between cells are called?
Gap Junctions
Substances which are lipid soluble and directly diffuse through the lipid bilayer, such as alcohol and oxygen, use the passive transport process known as what?
Simple Diffusion
When substances are packaged and released by a cell ("cellular spitting") it is known as what?
Exocytosis
Which of these does NOT require ATP?
Facilitated Diffusion
Membrane receptors are involved in what?
Contact Signaling, Chemical Signaling, Electrical Signaling
Which cytoskeletal structures pull chromosomes apart during mitosis?
Microtubules
Match the organelle:
Sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Match the organelle:
"Powerhouse" of cell; where ATP is made
Mitochondria
Match the organelle:
Ribosomes are assembled here
Nucleolus
Match the organelle:
Proteins are transported from here to the Golgi apparatus; externally has many attached ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Match the organelle:
Site of lipid and steroid synthesis and drug detoxification
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which organelle sorts and packages proteins ("shipping & receiving")??
Golgi Apparatus
The process of cytoplasmic division which occurs during late anaphase/early telophase is what?
Cytokinesis
During which phase of interphase does DNA replication (synthesis) occur?
S phase
Identify the mitotic phase:
Chromosomes align on midline
Metaphase
Identify the mitotic phase:
Nucleolus and Nuclear Membrane reappear; spindle disappears
Telophase
Identify the mitotic phase:
Mitotic spindle forms; nucleolus & nuclear membrane disappear
Prophase
Identify the mitotic phase:
Centromeres have split; chromatids move to opposite poles
Anaphase
During DNA replication, if a template strand of DNA has the sequence CAGATT, then the newly synthesized complementary strand of DNA would have what sequence?
GTCTAA
The enzyme that attaches new nucleotides to the new strand of DNA is what?
DNA Polymerase
True or False? DNA synthesis occurs right after mitosis is complete
False
True or False? The process by which each new daughter cell has one old (template) strand and one new strand of DNA is called Semiconservative Replication
True
True or False? Translation occurs in the nucleus of the cell
False
Which occurs first: transcription or translation? Why?
Transcription, a new strand of RNA must be made before it can be translated
During transcription, if a strand of DNA has the sequence CGTAAA then the mRNA complement will have the sequence?
GCAUUU
The region of tRNA which has a three base sequence which is complimentary to the mRNA codon is the?
Anticodon
The tRNA first arrives at the ribosome at which site?
A Site
Which type of bond links the amino acids together to form a peptide?
Peptide
True or False? The form of RNA which has an amino acid attached is rRNA
False
True or False? Proteins that are made by ribosomes that are attached to the rough E.R. are packaged in vesicles that are sent to the Golgi Apparatus
True
What is the start codon?
AUG
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