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CSD 311 Exam #1

Terms in this set (37)

Communicates ideas
Shared code
Arbitrary symbols
Generative
Creative
features of language (common sheep are generally crafty)
communication to take place
-sender of message
-receiver of a message
-shared intent to communicate
-shared means of communication
semantics
is the study of the meaning of a word.
phonology
the study of the sound of system of the language. (pronunciations of words)
morphology
the study of words and how they are formed.
syntax
the rules that govern how words are put together to make a sentence.
prgamatics
the actual use of language for communication and social interaction. (use of language in a conversation with people)
Articulation
the clear and precise pronunciation of words
contact gestures
giving, taking, showing. (physical)
distal gestures
reaching, pointing. (distance)
later gestures
head nods.
protodeclaratives
pointing/gesturing to "tell" something (comes declarative sentences)
protoimperatives
pointing/gesturing to control or manipulate.
motherese
-shorter, less complex sentences
-slower speech
-higher and varying pitch
-more frequent questioning
-warm, affectionate voice
-more diminutives used (doggie, horsey, bunny)
holophrase
one-word utterance, which means a "whole phrase" is being expressed with one word.
ex: "dog", could mean i see a god, look at that dog
semantic hypothesis
a child initially has a general understanding of a concept but adds features later on.
ex: doggie
functional core hypothesis
word meanings are learned by dynamic relationships (actions) rather than static perceptions.
ex: doggie--something that barks and licks your face
prototype hypothesis
children learn word meaning by both perceptual and functional characteristics.
ex: doggie--belongs to neighbor, small, animals, make noises, thing that licks your face
agent
word referring to animate beings (those who can perform actions), like mommy, daddy, baby, dog.
object
anything inanimate and incapable of acting independently like shoe, diaper, book.
action
verbs such as: kiss, go, walk
place
when a agent or object moves to, or when an action takes place, such as: crib, house, floor
entity + location
dolly chair, cookie table
possesor + possession
mommy shoe, bear chair
entity + attribute
diaper dirty, dog big
demonstrative + entity
that book, this today, that doll
recurrence
more juice, more ball
negation
no book, no give
disappearance
cookie gone
MLU
is the average (mean) number of morphemes used within utterances in a language sample.
phonological awareness
knowledge of sounds and syllables and of the sound structure of words.
parallel talk
adult provides a narrative of what is going on (ex: i see you have a truck. thats a big truck you're playing with. you made it move).
self talk
adult speaks providing language model based on what the adult is doing (ex: now im going to run the bath water).
imitation modeling
adult repeats back to the child what was just said.
ex: "truck"---"truck"
expansion modeling
repeating back but also adding missing grammatical elements.
ex: "truck"---"yeah, thats a truck"
expatiation/expansion plus
adding more semantic information
ex: "truck" --- "yes, its a big truck"
mand-model
is requesting a demand.
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