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Research Concepts Exam 1 Study Guide

Terms in this set (134)

There exists a dynamic relationship ebtween research and practice. Professional reasearch should be used to inform practice theory and interventions; equally, practice should influence and guide the direction of future research
True
A core tenet of evidence-based practice for occupational therapy is that interventions utilized should be those that are validated through the best available clinical evidence without consideration of an individual therapist's clinical experience
False
A client's values should influence and be considered when providing evidence-based occupational therapy services
True
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) and its established prescriptive guidlines closely reflect the philosophical beliefs and nature of occupational therapy (OT). Therefore, its principles are directly replicated with evidence-based OT practice
False
Explanations offered by a practice theory are always tentative, and must be refined through research
True
Participatory research invovled inclusion of services (or consumers) in the data collection and dissemination process only after a specific research hypothesis has been established by an investigator
False
In an experimental design study, researchers might have more than one experimental condition group
True
In experimental research, investigators manipulate a dependent variable in order to observe and mesure the effect on any independed variables of interest
False
Survey studies may be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed with their methodology
True
Professional authority and expertise is still considered sufficient for purposes of medical justification or reimbursement
False
Rather than working among an interdisciplinary team, being an independent investigator allows a researcher to produce a higher standard of research
False
Technical rationality is the basis of the scholarship of practice, where practical activity is derived seamlessly from basic knowledge
False
In OT, an activity that is not informed by a theory or theoretical concept is not likely to be therapeutic
True
In order to ensure ethical research, a panel of individuals external to the institution in which a study is taking place must condict the ethical review in order to ensure independence
False
All qualitative studies should have a research hypothesis
False
There is a linear sequence of activities taht investigators follow when planning and implementing a study; these tasks build on one another and do not allow for reengagement with previous steps
False
For subject querying of bibliographic citation databases, concept expansion and concept contraction are often combined in tandem into an iterative process
True
Post-qualification is typically done during the final steps of the information search process, and is done to focus the items within a retrieval set
True
Most medical journals have complete open access availability of their full-text articles within a bibliographic citation databes, eliminating the need for information "berry picking"
False
Specific aims and hypotheses should be derived from research questions that are framed by a research problem
True
The process of formulating a research question involved going from a broad research problem to a specific question that is addressable in a single study
True
Quantitative studies require a descriptive hypothesis
False
Reseach design refers to the guidlines an dprocedure outlined for conducting a study an dthereby addresssing a research question
True
The selection of a research design weighs heavily on multiple forms of validity, except for interal validity, which is a facotr independent of design considerations
False
Construct validity includes the degree to which a construc is operationalized in psychometric research
True
Blinding enhanced the validity of an experiment's design
True
In experimental design, subjects are assigned to one of two or more condition groups based on multiple criteria as selected by the investigator (e.g., subject demographics)
False
Research policies required by HIPAA only oertain to studies where public or private insurance (or other reimbursement sources) are billed for experimental services
False
The impetus for contemporary ethical standards for the protection of human research subjects is grounded in previous abuses of human under the guise of research, such as the Nazi Doctors Trils and the Tuskegee Experiments
True
When researchers receiving federal funding are investigated and judged to have engaged in research misconduct, there is the potential for significant penalties and consequences, including imprisonment
True
The principle investigator is ultimately responsible for ensuring that human subject protections are followed, reporting any unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or others, and for abiding by the IRB approved protocol and consent document/process
True
A key distinction of quantitative designs is that when securing a sample, it is acceptable that the researcher's sampling plans change during the study (including the number, type, and description of the subjects to be studied)
False
In qualitative research, researchers should use theoretically defined statistical methods of sampling as required for making inferences about the population of interest
False
Some examples of different types of performance site in OT research include university laboratory facilities, inpatient units, outpatient rehab centers, skilled nursing facilities, and community-based organizations
True
Because sampling error represents the degree to which the sample is representative of the population, the larger the sample, error, the less representative the sample is to the population and the lower the external validity
True
Key considerations for sampling in qualitative research are appropriateness and adequacy
True
A multiple-baseline research design across behaviors investigates an individual treatment variable applied sequentially to separate behaviors in a single patient
True
A multiple-baseline research design across settings is a design where individual behaviros are studied in multiple participants within a specified setting of interest
False
In single-subject designs, dependent variables do not have to be operationally defined due to individuals serving as their own controls
False
A multiple baseline research design across participatns investigates one behavior treated sequentially across matched participants
True
Data collection mehtods must be both replicable and reliable in order to maintain validity
True
With social validity in mind, it is possible for an intervention to result in desirable changes in the dependent variable, but still be identified by research particpants as being unacceptable
True
Survey research is a method of inquiry characterized by collecting date using strucutred questions to elicit self-report information from a sample of people
True
In addition to the degree of nonparticipation, nonresponse bias depends on the extent to which nonrespondents differ systematically from respondents in terms of their charactersistics on key variable under study
True
While response bias should be specifically reported, nonresponse bias is an implicit value that cannot be measured; therefore, it does not need to be included amonf the final study report
False
Historically, the most common method of collecting survey data was through mailed questionnaires
True
Piloting and revising the questionnaire or interview schedule is a step that must be included when building a new measure
True
The rpocedures used in implementing a survey study doe not have a large impact on the rigor of the investigation
False
While computerized technologies are a typical means for analyzing survey data, currently there are no software options for computerized survey distribution
False
A literature review should make apparent to the reader how the research represents a logical next step in building knowledge and/or how the research fills a critical gap in an area of knowledge
True
Scoping reviews are a type of general literature review
False
An unsystematic review is a type of generaly literature review
True
The process for conducting a systematic review includes examining all articles against the preidentified criteria for relevance, inclusion, and exclusion
True
Writers should allocate less optimal or smaller blocks of time for the more mundane or concrete aspects of writing
True
The first step in mind-mapping is to identify the most important part of the mind-map by assigning priorities to the information contained in it
False
A core tenet fo evidence-based practice for OT is that interventions utilized should be those that are validated through the best available clinical evidence without consideration of an individual therapist's clinical expertise
False
Extraneous variables in a study that may have an effect of the dependent variable and thereby introduce a risk of error in a study are referred to as confounding variables
True
While perspectives toward the creation of knowledge have varied throughout the various philosophical foundations of science, one common shared belief was that true knowledge was paramount and infallible once supported by evidence
False
Mixed-methods research represents a blend of philosophical perspectives, including primarily those of logical positivism, critical modernism, and postmodernism
True
Conservatice interpretations of postmodernist thought can be observed through the perspectives of disability studies and other relativistic approaches to knowledge
True
The modernist perspective is that research is often tied to particular ideologies and further is used to reinforce power structures and to disenfranchise or oppress groups
False
Contemporary methods recognize that it is not possible to undertake research without some underlying theory and first principles, even if they are not made explicit
True
Most scientific approaches towards knowledge development in OT derive from the historical periods of classicism and postmodernism
False
There are multiple types of research articles that may be included in a peer-reviewed journal; some of which include literature reviews, experimental reports, case reports, and opinion papers
True
Consumers of EBP include not only a client, but also insurance companies, hospital admins, policy makers, granting agencies, and OT managers who are concerned about intervention options and choices
True
The method section of a research paper describes the approach of the study and is typically divided itno a number of subsections that the describe the ethical approvals, design, participants, procedures, measures, and data analysis approach
True
In describing the procedues of a study, standardization is described through fidelity measures for any assessments, and through dependibility measures for administered interventions
False
The presentation fo findings withing the results section is typically limited to the direct results of the analyses undertaken and does not include an interpretation of or reflection on any of those findings
True
The introduction of a research article provides a concise overview of the approach and findings of a given research study, and may be the only part read when performing a literature review first-level screening
False
Presented research will typically be structured in the same way as a peer-reviewed journal article, including all of the general sections as a written paper
True
Professional practice guidelines in which clinical reasoning is founded on experience that is reinforced through expert opinion and anecdotal evidence is defined as EBP
True
With educational standards changing within OT programs, a consensus of professional studies report that new graduates have a clear understanding of EBP and find minimal or no challenges implementing it within their practice
False
When implementing EBP, the presence of deadlines helps to initiate and stimulate activity levels, as well as provides direction and focus for participants
True
According to research conducted on the topic of EBP utilization, both new and experienced practitioners identify the same primary barrier to implementation
True
While experienced practitioners do identify multiple barriers to implementing EBP, there is evidence that training programs for these professionals are effective at reducing the impact of these barriers
True
Tomlin and Borgetto identify only three major types of research, outcomes, experimental, and descriptive, in their Research Pyramid
False
Critically appraised topics and critally appraised papers are two methods in which OT is promotinf EBP techniques. Which of the following statements is true regarding these two articles?
-A critically appraised topic is distinguished from a critically appraised paper in that the critically appraised topic is recognized as having the best available evidence
-Both are less rigorous versions of systematic reviews
-A critically appraised paper contains a quantitative analytical summary of the findings from the available literature
-A critically appraised topic contains only studies of experimental designs
Both are less rigorous versions of systematic reviews
Research has many applications toward professional practice decisions, and professionals have a responsibility to engage in it through various roels. Which of the following reasons would not be a reason to participate with a research role?
-To help deal with interprofessional competition, budget cuts, insurance denials, and other challenges taht can emanate from limited resources
-To negotiat the uncertainty that comes with practice, with transparent evidence sources
-To fulfill an ethical responibility
-To eliminate the need to use autonomout clinical expertise and instead rely solely on evidence from research
To eliminate the need to use autonomous clinical expertise and instead rely solely on evidence from research
It is important for role expectations to be clearly defined with conducting a research study. Individuals, other than the primary investigator (i.e., research producer), who contribute to the design, interpretation, and writing of the study might be considered:
-Co-collaborators
-Co-contributors
-Co-authors
-Co-producers
Co-authors
Which research role typically involves advanced training, which may be acquired through doctoral or postdoctoral degrees?
-Research producers
-Research collaborators
-Research consumers
-Research advocates
Research producers
OT literature describes the theory-practice gap that exists within the profession. Which of the following statements is correct in its description of the theory practice gap?
-A status where neither theory nor practice are informed by research
-A discrepancy that exists between researchers' theories that ground the ideas of the profession and clinicians' practice that is actually implemented.
-An intentional separation of theoretical science and practice experience, which limits the risk of research bias
-A process wherein practice is directly informed by theoretical research
A discrepancy that exists between researchers' theories that ground the ideas of the profession and clinicians' practice that is actually implemented.
Scholarship of practice is a theoretical perspective for knowledge generation in OT. Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the scholarship of practice?
-It requires that theoretical knowledge be derived from the practical problems encountered in therapy
-It involves a dynamic an dflexible dialectic between empiracal and theoretical knowledge
-It creates synergies between the needs of scholars, researchers, and practitioners
-It is exclusive to participatory research, where researchers and practitioners both develop theory through service delivery
It is exclusive to participatory research, where researchers and practitioners both develop theory through service delivery
Which of the following statements is false regarding theory?
-A theory is a network of explanations
-Theories are able to adapt or change in response to research
-A theory identifies postulates that describe phenomena, and conceptualizations that specify relationships between postulates
-In occupational therapy, a theory explains how an occupation is performed, an occupational problem, or a particular dynamic between client and clinician
A theory identifies postulates that describe phenomena, and conceptualizations that specify relationships between postulates
Through the process of developing a theory-grounded research study, an investigatory is deciding which assessment would be the best to collect data. Which of the following choices would be the best option?
-An interdisciplinary assessment nonspecific to any theory
-An established assessment within the theoretical model fo the research study
-The most widely used/recognized assessment nonspecitic to any theory
-An assessment developed exclusively for the study
An established assessment within the theoretical model fo the research study
Which of the following would be an instance when a researcher would not ground research in a theoretical model?
-When developing a new theoretical model for a new population of interest
-When establishing validity psychometrics for an assessment tied to a theoretical model
-When examining concepts individually that are part of a larger theoretical model
-When conducting interdisciplinary research
When developing a new theoretical model for a new population of interest
Ethical review is a proces utilized for all studies involving human or animal experiments. It has multiple objectives. Which of the following is not one of them?
-To protect subjects from harm
-To ensure that subjects' efforst and any risks involved are warrented by the study's importance
-To ensure that experimental control studies do not withhold treatment if it is hypothesized to be of benefit to the subjects
-To ensure subjects freely give informed consent to participate
To ensure that experimental control studies do not withhold treatment if it is hypothesized to be of benefit to the subjects
Which of the following sections would not be included in the findings of a study?
-A statement of alternative explanations to the ones offered and specification that there were no problems in the data set (or explanation if there were)
-Analysis of the outcomes with respect to prior studies and within the existing background literature
-Specification of the degree of confidence that should be placed in the findings
-A statement of replicability , to promote the rigor of a study
A statement of replicability, to promote the rigor of a study
What is the definition of communality with regard to conducting research?
-A recognition that research studies should be done in a naturalistic setting (within the community) to promote the validity of the findings
-A context wherein research takes place within a community of scientists who critique and evaluate a study's findings in light of the existing body of literature
-A scientific movement where there is an increased focud on interdisciplinary developed research
-An obligation for practitioners to share in the responsibility for generating knowledge relevant to the field
A context wherein research takes place within a community of scientists who critique and evaluate a study's findings in light of the existing body of literature
Research studies are disseminated to the public for expanding knowledge; two characteristices related to this are their verifiability and replicability. Which of the following statements is false regarding these two measures?
-Verifiability requires the provision of sufficient explanation so that others can understand exactly what was done and how the conclusions of the study were generated
-Replicability requires the provision of sufficient explanation so that others can repeat the study to see if the same results are obtained
-Both are specific only to quantitative studies
-Both are characteristics that should be demonstrated when creating a sounds research study
Both are specific only to quantitative studies
There are vast and numerous reasons why investigators are required to obtain information about a given subject. The two approaches typically taken are ready-reference and subejct searching. Which of the following statements is true regarding these two processes?
-Ready-reference searching is typically a closed-ended search process, whereas subject searching is an iterative and ongoing information-seeking process
-Ready-reference searching is typically a comprehensive review of a topic, whereas subject searching is done in preparation for ready-reference searches
-Ready-reference searching is a search process limited to full-text journal articles, whereas subject searching exclusively uses journal abstracts
-Ready-reference searchings uses successive queries withing large databases, whereas subject searching uses basic searches within discreet data sets
Ready-reference searching is typically a closed-ended search process, whereas subject searching is an iterative and ongoing information-seeking process
A Boolean logic nested statement is used to perform a set search. The search-query logic statement of "((children OR adolescents) AND autism) AND recreation" would return items related to:
-Items regarding recreation and children and/or adolescents and autism
-Items regarding recreation and/or children and adolescents and/or autism
-Items regarding recreation, autism, and either children or adolescents
-Items regarding recreation, autism, and both children and adolescents
Items regarding recreation and children and/or adolescents and autism
The World Wide Web is a resource that may be used to retriece evidence-based information. Which of the following statements regarding the Web is false?
-The Web currently lacks standardized indexing for articles
-The traditionals processes for evaluating the quality fo information provided (as used by other databases) is not implemented with the Web
-There is an increasing number of journals/articles available online for open access through the sue of general search engines
-The Web is the optimal source of information (when compared with online public access catalogs [OPACs] or bibliographic citation databases) for individuals with minimal knowledge on a topic
The Web is the optimal source of information (when compared with online public access catalogs [OPACs] or bibliographic citation databases) for individuals with minimal knowledge on a topic
Which of the following is not a quantifier commonly used during post-qualification?
-Year of publication
-Profession of journal
-Language
-Type of publication
Profession of journal
What is a research questions?
-A direct prediction of the anticipated findings of a study
-A way in which investigators approach knowledge discovery within a study
-The first step in the process of defining a specific aim
-The specific knowledge that is being sought through a study
The specific knowledge that is being sought through a study
There are several factors that may define a well-stated research problem. Which of the following would not be an ideal qualitity?
-Informed by the existing scientific literature
-Innovative
-Succintly stated
-Narrow in impact
Narrow in impact
"The main objective of this research is to..." is an example of:
-Describing the specific aim of a study
-Describing the research question of a study
-Succintly stating the theoretical framework of the study
-Describing the concepts and postulates of a study
Describing the specific aim of a study
For quantitative studies, hypotheses are typically stated when:
-Defining a specific aim
-Obtaining information from public policymakers and potential grant-funding agencies
-Analysis involves inferential statistics
-Discussing the topic with practitioners or consumers
Analysis involves inferential statistics
Which of the following would be considered a threat to statistical conclusion validity?
-Biased sampling regarding treatment
-Nonreplicable events experienced by participants
-Nonreplicable study/lab conditions
-Limits to the reliability of interventions performed
Limits to the reliability of interventions performed
Which of the following would be considered a threat to internal validity?
-Selection bias
-Statistical power
-Effect size
-Improper use of statistical tests
Selection bias
Which best describes a two-group pretest-posttest design?
-Participants are assigned to either a treatment group or a no-treatment control group, with measure being taken for both groups after the intervention is administered to determine if they differ on the desired outcome
-Participants are assigned to a treatment group, with measures being taken for the group before and after the intervention is administered to determine if they differ on the desired outcome
-Participants are assigned to a treatment group, with measures being taken after the intervention is administered to determine if there is an effect on the desired outcome
-Participants are assigned to either a treatment group of a no-treatment control group, with measures being taken for both groups before and after the intervention is administered to determine if they differ on the desired outcome
Participants are assigned to either a treatment group of a no-treatment control group, with measures being taken for both groups before and after the intervention is administered to determine if they differ on the desired outcome
Phenomenology is:
-A method of investigation in which an individual's significant subjective experience is described through first-person narratice, without reference to theory or knowledge from other discipline perspectives
-A method of investigation that examins the societal and cultural context that shapes meaning and behavior for a cultural group
-A study that examines the effects of an intervention of a single individual over time with no control
-A theoretical understanding of a phenomenon by extracting meaning from social interactions
A method of investigation in which an individual's significant subjective experience is described through first-person narratice, without reference to theory or knowledge from other discipline perspectives
What is the role of the IRB in protecting human subjects?
-An IRB exists within a university, medical center, or other industry solely to outweigh the financial risks associated with research for the institution
-An IRB exists within a university, medical center, or other institution to review research proposals and ensure that the study is safe and ethical for all participants
-An IRB exists within a university, medical center, or other industry to ensure that all documentation related to research is adequate and correct
-An IRB exists within a university, medical center, or other industry to protect only individuals on whom research is being conducted
An IRB exists within a university, medical center, or other institution to review research proposals and ensure that the study is safe and ethical for all participants
Within an IRB, committee members must be:
-Comprised of individuals who have advanced academic qualifications, diverse life experiences, and seniority within the institution
-Comprised of individuals who are diverse, representing different research experiences, professional statuses, and demographics
-Comprised of individuals who were recommended due to having demonstrated professional integrity and possessing advanced knowledge within their fields
-Comprised of individuals who have advanced knowledge specific to the research problem and the population of sampling
Comprised of individuals who are diverse, representing different research experiences, professional statuses, and demographics
Regarding the training of key personnel as required by typical IRB guidelines, which of the following statements is correct?
-It is not necessary for personnel to be trained
-Key personnel must undergo rigorous training in order to be effective, accurate, and unbiased
-Key personnel must be professionally certified if involved in a medical study
-Key personnel must have adequate training and knowledge about the protection of human subjects and have annual continuing education
Key personnel must have adequate training and knowledge about the protection of human subjects and have annual continuing education
The steps involved in sampling include these 5 critical steps:
-Defining the population of interest, unit of analysis, performance site, and sampling approach, as well as implement the sampling procedures
-Defining the population of interest, unit of analysis, performance site, and sampling approach, as well as obtain approvals for entry
-Defining the population of interest, unit of analysis, performance site, and documentation required, as well as identify a specific time frame
-Defining the population of interest, unit of analysis, and documentation required, ensure diverse sampling, and identify a specific time frame
Defining the population of interest, unit of analysis, performance site, and sampling approach, as well as implement the sampling procedures
How a subject pool is selected depends on several issues. Which of the following factors would not be included among those that define the sample?
-The specific research question
-The impact of the research proposal
-The accessibility of the population of interest
-The research approach (quantitative or qualitative)
The impact of the research proposal
When calculating a sample size, which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the relationship among variables?
-As the sample size increases, the statistical power increases
-If variation in outcome decreases, the statistical power decreases
-If variation in outcome increases, the sample size needs to decrease
-If the effect size decreased, the sample size needs to increase
If variation in outcome increases, the sample size needs to decrease
The recruitment of specific individuals to ensure appropriate representation in the sample is referred to as:
-Purposive sampling
-Stratified sampling
-Network sampling
-Systematic sampling
Purposive sampling
The deliberate selection of individuals by the researcher based on certain predetermined criteria (usually stated as inclusion and exclusion criteria) is referred to as:
-Purposive sampling
-Stratified sampling
-Network sampling
-Systematic sampling
Purposive sampling
All of the following describe single-subject research except:
-It invovles in-depth analysis of a single research subject or a small group of subjects considered collectively
-Each participant serves as his or her own control
-It is a design most commonly employed for experimental trials
-There is systematic application, withdrawal, and sometimes variations of the intervention (independent variable)
It is a design most commonly employed for experiemental trials
Which of the following would not be a correct consideration in data analysis when using graphs for single-subject studies?
-Each variable for each participant for system is graphed with the dependent variable on the y-axis and time of the x-axis
-When graphing data for one variable for more than one participant, the scale for each graph should be the same to facilitate comparisons across graphs
-Vertical lines indicate phase changes, and lines connectign data points reflects consecutive intervals
-Equal-interval graphs should be avoided due to their complexity and difficulty being understood
Equal-interval graphs should be avoided due to their complexity and difficulty being understood
Which of the following would not be a common data collection means in a single subject design?
-Physiological measures
-Biological measure
-Self-report measures
-Frequency measures
Biological measures
Which of the following would not be a method of replicaiton that would help to ensure that findings are generalizable?
-Replicate the study with other individuals (subjects)
-Replicate the study in other settings
-Replicate the study using other therapists/interventionists
-Replicate the study using alternative means (interventions)
Replicate the study using alternative means (interventions)
Which of the following is not a key dimension of survey research?
-Identifying an appropriate pre- and post-measure
-Identifying a population of interest and appropriately sampling that population
-Identifying research aims and generating survey questions to systematically gather the necessary information
-Developing statistical estimates that can be generalized to a population under study
Identifying an appropriate pre- and post-measure
Which of the following is not a cause of response bias?
-The respondent being unable to recall information accurately
-The respondent choosing not to respond
-The respondent interpreting the meaning of a question differently than the meaning intened by the researcher
-Response choices that do not accurately express respondents' experience or opinions
The respondent choosing not to respond
The four steps involved in building a survey questionnaire include all of the following except:
-Formulating questions
-Defining and clarifying the survey variable
-Defining a research question and proposed hypothesis
-Formatting the questionnaire or interview schedule
Defining a research question and proposed hypothesis
Which of the following is not a method for enhancing quality control during the coding process?
-Trained codoers should independently check each other's work
-Coders should write notes about codes they are not sure of, so they can be checked by the supervisor
-Each coder should develop an independent coding system
-The data can be entered twice in two different files, and then the fiels can be correlated to identify potential errors in data entry
Each coder should develop an independent coding system
Key strategies for anyone who wishes to become an effective research writer include all fo the following except for which?
-Mind-mapping and abstracting
-Discovering and developing one's own writing style and habits
-Eliminating bias by using an objective and transparent methodological approach
-Drafting, sequencing, and rewriting
Eliminating bias by using an objective and transparent methodological approach
Readers do not know what a writer knows, and thus a paper needs to be written and edited with the reader's perspective in mind. This includes all fo the following aspects of the reader excepts for which?
-Their knowledge base
-Their interests
-Their political viewpoints
-Their expectations
Their political viewpoints
Which of the following is not part of knowing one's own writing patterns?
-Rereading drafts at least once as whole with an eye toward editing
-Pating attention to when one gets the most writing done
-Knowing at time one has difficulty writing
-Utilizing one's spare time as writing times, rather than scheduling time for writing
Utilizing one's spare time as writing times, rather than scheduling time for writing
Critical appraisal fo literature typically assists with all of the following except for which?
-Refining a visual representation of the ideas to be contained in a paper
-Identifying the boundaries of the literature
-Evaluating the strengths of existing research approaches to studying the topic
-Illuminating the gaps in the current knowledge base and the way in which it has developed
Refining a visual representation of the ideas to be contained in a paper
Which of the following is true in its description of gray literature?
-Gray literature is information published exclusively in open-submission journals
-Gray literature is information published exclusively in online journals
-Gray literature is information that is not published in usual formats such as journals
-XGray literature is published information that has not been peer-reviewed
---
In comparison to an experimental design, quasi-experimental designs have an additional threat to validity through introducing the risk of producing:
-Interaction effects
-Selection bias
-Effect size
-Expectancy effects
Selection bias
An attitude of skepticism in the scientific community is viewed as counter-productive, as it indicates a resistance toward research and knowledge production.
False
When selecting a research methodology, an investigator will determine many of the characteristics of the study. Which of the following is not part of the research methodology?
-Research design
-Ethical approval
-Sampling approach
-Data collection approach
Ethical approval
A qualitative investigator's interpretation of a study's findings can be a highly creative process in which the researcher's theoretical background and knowledge of the subjects and their life contexts comes into play.
True
Which of the following would not be included as a measure of statistical conclusion validity?
-Proposition significance
-Statistical power
-Effect size
-Statistical significance
Proposition significance
When conducting research investigating a concept derived from theory, that concept should be operationalized in the absence of the theory to promote validity of the study design.
False
A two-group posttest-only randomized experiment relies on groups being probabilistically equivalent.
True
A unit of analysis refers to the scale of measurement utilized when analyzing the demographics of a sample.
False
Specific to the profession of occupational therapy, "OT SEARCH" is a bibliographic database that includes monographs, proceedings, reports, doctoral dissertations, master's theses, and most international OT journals.
True
Occupational therapists have both an ethical and a professional responsibility to be aware of research and engage with it to help enhance the quality of their clinical decisions.
True
Researchers must exercise good judgment when choosing a theory to ground a research study. Which of the following would not be a consideration when choosing a theory?
-Methodology
-Practice preferences
-XIdeology about how clients should be served
-Knowledge base
---
The search interfaces for all bibliographic citation databases use standardized syntax and formatting rules specifying operations on search terms and queries.
False
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