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Level F Unit 1-3

Terms in this set (60)

approbation
(n.) the expression of approval or favorable opinion, praise; official approval

synonyms: commendation, sanction

antonyms: disapproval, condemnation, censure
认许，赞许，批准
assuage
(v.) to make easier or milder, relieve; to quiet, calm; to put an end to, appease, satisfy, quench

synonyms: mitigate, alleviate, slake, allay

antonyms: intensify, aggravate, exacerbate
平息，缓和
coalition
(n.) a combination, union, or merger for some specific purpose

synonyms: alliance, league, federation, combine

antonyms: splinter group
联合,联盟
decadence
(n.) decline, decay, or deterioration; a condition or period of decline or decay; excessive self-indulgence

Picture: The Roaring 20's was a time marked by self-indulgence and corruption.

synonyms: degeneration, corruption

antonyms: rise, growth, development, maturation
坠落，颓废，衰落
elicit
(v.) to draw forth, bring out from some source (such as another person)

Picture: The cranking of the can opener elicited a response from the kitty.

synonyms: call forth, evoke, extract, educe

antonyms: repress, quash, squelch, stifle
抽出，引出
expostulate
(v.) to attempt to dissuade someone from some course or decision by earnest reasoning

synonyms: protest, remonstrate, complain
劝诫，抗议，争论
hackneyed
(adj.) used so often as to lack freshness or originality

synonyms: banal, trite, commonplace, corny

antonyms: new, fresh, novel, original
陈腐的，平庸的
hiatus
(n.) a gap, opening, break (in the sense of having an element missing)

synonyms: pause, lacuna

antonyms: continuity, continuation
裂缝，空隙，停顿
innuendo
(n.) a hint, indirect suggestion, or reference (often in a derogatory sense)

synonyms: insinuation, intimation

antonyms: direct statement
暗讽，讽刺，影射
intercede
(v.) to plead on behalf of someone else; to serve as a third party or go-between in a disagreement

synonyms: intervene, mediate
调解，求情
jaded
(adj.) wearied, worn-out, dulled (in the sense of being satiated by excessive indulgence)

synonyms: sated, surfeited, cloyed

antonyms: unspoiled, unclogged
厌倦的，精疲力竭的，厌倦了的
lurid
(adj.) causing shock, horror, or revulsion; sensational; pale or sallow in color; terrible or passionate in intensity or lack of restraint

synonyms: gruesome, gory, grisly, baleful, ghastly

antonyms: pleasant, attractive, appealing, wholesome
可怕的，耸人听闻的
meritorious
(adj.) worthy, deserving recognition and praise

synonyms: praiseworthy, laudable, commendable

antonyms: blameworthy, reprehensible, discreditable
有价值的，值得赞美的
petulant
(adj.) peevish, annoyed by trifles, easily irritated and upset

synonyms: irritable, testy, waspish

antonyms: even-tempered, placid, serene, amiable
暴躁的
prerogative
(n.) a special right or privilege; a special quality showing excellence

synonyms: perquisite, perk
特权，有特权的
provincial
(adj.) pertaining to an outlying area; local; narrow in mind or outlook, countrified in the sense of being limited and backward; of a simple, plain design that originated in the countryside;
(n.) a person with a narrow point of view; a person from an outlying area; a soldier from a province or colony

synonyms: narrow-minded, parochial, insular, naive

antonyms: cosmopolitan, catholic, broad-minded
省的，狭隘的，乡下人
simulate
(v.) to make a pretense of, imitate; to show the outer signs of
synonyms: feign, pretend, affect
模仿，假装，冒充
transcend
(v.) to rise above or beyond, exceed

synonyms: surpass, outstrip
胜过，超越
umbrage
(n.) shade cast by trees; foliage giving shade; an overshadowing influence or power; offense, resentment; a vague suspicion

synonyms: irritation, pique, annoyance

antonyms: pleasure, delight, satisfaction
树荫，对某人或某事的恼火
unctuous
(adj.) excessively smooth or smug; trying too hard to give an impression of earnestness, sincerity, or piety; fatty, oily; pliable

synonyms: mealymouthed, servile, fawning, greasy

antonyms: gruff, blunt
虚情假意，油腔滑调
ameliorate
(v.) to improve, make better, correct a flaw or shortcoming

SYNONYMS - amend, better

ANTONYMS - worsen, aggravate, exacerbate
改善，减轻
aplomb
(n.) poise, assurance, great self-confidence; perpendicularity

SYNONYMS - composure, self-possession, levelheadedness

ANTONYMS - confusion, embarrassment, abashment
沉着，垂直，泰然自若
bombastic
(adj.) pompous or overblown in language; full of high-sounding words intended to conceal a lack of ideas

SYNONYMS - inflated, highfalutin, high-flown, pretentious

ANTONYMS - unadorned, simple, plain, austere
夸大的，言过其实的
callow
(adj.) without experience; immature, not fully developed; lacking sophistication and poise; without feathers

SYNONYMS - green, raw, unfledged, inexperienced

ANTONYMS - mature, grown up, polished, sophisticated
年轻而无经验的
drivel
(n.) saliva or mucus flowing from the mouth or nose; foolish, aimless talk or thinking; nonsense; (v.) to let saliva flow from the mouth; to utter nonsense or childish twaddle; to waste or fritter away foolishly

SYNONYMS - (n.) balderdash, hogwash, tommyrot; (v.) slaver
鼻涕，水，糊涂话
epitome
(n.) a summary, condensed account; an instance that represents a larger reality

SYNONYMS- abstract, digest, model, archetype
缩影，摘要，象征
exhort
(v.) to urge strongly, advise earnestly

SYNONYMS - entreat, implore, adjure
ANTONYMS* - discourage, advise against, deprecate
忠告，劝诫
ex officio
(adj., adv.) by virtue of holding a certain office
依据职权
infringe
(v.) to violate, trespass, go beyond recognized bounds

SYNONYMS - encroach, impinge, intrude, poach
ANTONYMS - stay in bounds
侵犯，违反，破坏
ingratiate
(v.) to make oneself agreeable and thus gain favor or acceptance by others (sometimes used in a critical or derogatory sense)

SYNONYMS- alienate, humiliate oneself, mortify oneself
ANTONYMs - alienate, humiliate oneself, mortify oneself
使迎合，使讨好
interloper
(n.) one who moves in where he or she is not wanted or has no right to be, an intruder

SYNONYMS- trespasser, meddler, buttinsky
闯入者
intrinsic
(adj.) belonging to someone or something by its very nature, essential, inherent; originating in a bodily organ or part

SYNONYMS - immanent, organic
ANTONYMS - extrinsic, external, outward
本质的，固有的
inveigh
(v.) to make a violent attack in words, express strong disapproval

SYNONYMS - rail, harangue, fulminate, remonstrate
ANTONYMS- acclaim, glorify, extol
痛骂，谩骂
lassitude
(n.) weariness of body or mind, lack of energy

SYNONYMS - fatigue, lethargy, torpor, languor
ANTONYMS - energy, vitality, animation, liveliness
疲乏，懒散，厌倦
millennium
(n.) a period of one thousand years; a period of great joy

SYNONYMS - golden age, prosperity, peace
ANTONYMS - doomsday, day of judgement
千年期，千禧年
occult
(adj.) mysterious, magical, supernatural; secret, hidden from view; not detectable by ordinary means; (v.) to hide, conceal; eclipse; (n.) matters involving the supernatural

SYNONYMS- (adj.) supernatural, esoteric, abstruse, arcane
ANTONYMS - (adj.) mundane, common, public, exoteric
超自然的，神秘的，遮掩
permeate
(v.) to spread through, penetrate, soak through
渗透，透过，弥漫
precipitate
(v.) to fall as moisture; to cause or bring about suddenly; to hurl down from a great height, to give distinct form to; (adj.) characterized by excessive haste; (n.) moisture; the product of an action or process

SYNONYMS - (v.) provoke, produce; (adj.) reckless, impetuous
ANTONYMS- (adj.) wary, cautious, circumspect
沉淀，促成，猛的落下
stringent
(adj.) strict, severe; rigorously or urgently binding or compelling; sharp or bitter to the taste

SYNONYMS - stern, rigorous, tough, urgent, imperative
ANTONYMs- lenient, mild, lax, permissive
严格的，严厉的
surmise
(v.) to think or believe without certain supporting evidence; to conjecture or guess; (n.) likely idea that lacks definite proof

SYNONYMS- (v.) infer, gather; (n.) inference, presumption
猜测，推测
abominate
(v.) to have an intense dislike or hatred

SYNONYMS:loathe, abhor, despise, detest
ANTONYMS: relish, savor, cherish, esteem
痛恨，憎恶
acculturation
(n.) the modification of social patterns, traits, or structures of one group or society by contact with those of another.

SYNONYMS: adaptation
文化适应，文化移入
adventitious
(adj.) resulting from chance rather than from an inherent cause of character; accidental, not essential

SYNONYMS: extrinsic, incidental, fortuitous
ANTONYMS: essential, intrinsic, inherent, fortuitous外来的，偶然的
ascribe
(v.) to assign or refer to (as a cause or source), attribute

SYNONYMS: impute, credit, attribute归咎于
circuitous
(adj.) roundabout, not direct

SYNONYMS: indirect, meandering, winding
ANTONYMS: straight, direct, as the crow flies迂回的，绕行的
commiserate
(v.) to sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress

SYNONYMS: feel sorry for, empathize
ANTONYMS:feel no sympathy for同情，怜悯
enjoin
(v.) to direct or order; to prescribe a course of action in an authoritative way; to prohibit

SYNONYMS: bid, charge, command, adjure
ANTONYMS: allow, permit命令，嘱咐，吩咐
expedite
(v.) to make easy, cause to progress further

SYNONYMS: accelerate, facilitate, speed up
ANTONYMS: hinder, hamper, impeded, obstruct促进，通畅的， 加快
expiate
(v.) to make amends, make up for; to avert

SYNONYMS: redeem, make amends for, atone, make reparation赎罪，补偿
ferment
(n.) a state of great excitement, agitation, or turbulence. v. to be in or work into such a state; to produce alcohol by chemical action

SYNONYMS: commotion, turmoil, unrest
ANTONYMS:peace and quiet, tranquility, placidity发酵，酵素，动乱
inadvertent
(adj.) resulting from or marked by lack of attention, unintentional, accidental

SYNONYMS: accidental, unconsidered
ANTONYMS: deliberate, intentional, premeditated疏忽的，不注意的
nominal
(adj.) existing in name only, not real; too small to be considered or taken seriously

SYNONYMS: titular, token, trifling, inconsequential
ANTONYMS: real, actual, exorbitant, excessive 名义上的，有名无实的
noncommittal
(adj.) not decisive or definite; unwilling to take a clear position

SYNONYMS: cagey, uninformative, playing it safe, playing it close to the vest
ANTONYMS: positive, definite, committed 态度不明朗的，不承担义务的
peculate
(v.) to steal something that has been given into one's trust; to take improperly for one's own use

SYNONYMS: embezzle, defraud, misappropriate盗用， 挪用
proclivity
(n.) a natural or habitual inclination or tendency (especially of human character or behavior)

SYNONYMS: natural bent, penchant, propensity
ANTONYMS: inability or incapacity倾向，癖性
sangfroid
(n.) composure or coolness, especially in trying circumstances

SYNONYMS: poise, self-assurance, equanimity
ANTONYMS: excitability, hysteria, flappability 沉着，冷静
tenuous
(adj.) thin, slender, not dense; lacking clarity or sharpness; of slight importance; lacking a sound basis, poorly supported

SYNONYMS: flimsy, insubstantial, vague, hazy
ANTONYMS:strong, solid, substantial, valid纤细的， 稀薄的
seditious
(adj.) resistant to lawful authority; having the purpose of overthrowing an established government

SYNONYMS: mutinous, rebellious, subversive
ANTONYMS: supportive, loyal, faithful, allegiant煽动性的，扰乱治安的
vitriolic
(adj.) bitter, sarcastic; highly caustic or biting (like strong acid)

SYNONYMS: withering, acerbic, mordant
ANTONYMS: - bland, saccharine, honeyed, sugary 硫酸的，刻薄的
wheedle
(v.) to use coaxing or flattery to gain some desired end

SYNONYMS:cajole, soft-soap, sweet talk
ANTONYMS: coerce, browbeat, intimidate, strong-arm以甜言蜜语诱惑， 欺骗
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