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Unit test

Terms in this set (34)

Photosynthesis
The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
Chlorophyll
The main pigment for photosynthesis in chloroplasts
Formula for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O +light energy —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration
The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose
Cellular Respiration Formula
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —>6CO2 + 6H2O
Fermentation
An energy releasing process that does not require oxygen
reactants
Substances that start a chemical reaction
products
Substances that are produced in the reaction
Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant?
The chloroplasts
Grow, repair, repair damaged structures, and reproduce
What does cell division allow the organism to do?
Interphase
The cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide the two cells
Mitosis
The cells nucleus divided into two new nuclei and one set of DNA is distributed into each daughter cell
(mitosis): Prophase
chromosomes condense
(mitosis):Metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
(mitosis): Anaphase
chromosomes split in half
(mitosis) Telophase
nucleus pinches and separates, chromosomes uncoil
Cytokenisis
The cells split into two daughter cells
cytoplasm divides
At the end each cell enters interphase and the cell cycle begins again
Respiration
"Breathing"- moving air in and out of your lungs
(Oxygen from the lungs is then carried to the cells for cellular respiration)
(Breathing also removes waste products of cellular respiration from your body)
Aerobic
Using muscles with oxygen
(Cells convert glucose to energy with oxygen)
Anaerobic
Using muscles without oxygen
(Cells convert glucose to energy without oxygen)
Process of Glycolysis
Glucose gets broken apart everyday in the cytoplasm to make energy
The Krebs cycle
(photosynthesis backwards)
Takes place in the mitochondria
Smaller molecules are broken down even further
(Oxygen is required)
Great amounts of energy are released that can be used for cellular activity
Cytoplasm
Thick gel like fluid, fills region between the cell membrane and the nucleus, Moves constantly in the cell carrying along the nucleus and other organelles
Mitochondria
Converts stored energy in food to energy so the cell can use it to live and function
Alcoholic Fermentation
(occurs in yeast and other single celled organisms)
This produces alcohol, carbon dioxide, and SMALL amounts of energy
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Muscles break down glucose without using oxygen and make lactic acid
Lactic acid is released from the cell shortly after exercising
Carried to the liver where it can be converted back to pyruvate
Division
parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
Replication
the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.
(It is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.)
Animal Cell cytokinesis
The cell membrane squeezes together around the two nuclei
Plant cell cytokinesis
a cell plate is made to divide the two nuclei
Reactants in photosynthesis
light energy, water, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll
products in photosynthesis
glucose (sugar), water and oxygen
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