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2. Adult Learning

Terms in this set (24)

Adragogy
Art and science of teaching adults
Adults are self-directed learners,
Adults bring a wealth of life experiences to the learning environment,
Adults need and desire to learn comes from social and situational circumstances that dictate the need to learn and grow in some way,
Learning is problem centered instead of subject centered
Assumptions of adult learning
Horizontal
Power relationship between adult learner and educator is much more
To be able to apply skills for the solution of an immediate problem.
Prime motivator for learning is
relevant and beneficial
Adult learning must be
1. Learning is related to an immediate need, problem or deficit.
2. Learning is voluntary and self-initiated.
3. Learning is person centered and problem centered.
4. Learning is self-controlled and self-initiated.
5. The role of the teacher is one of facilitator.
6. Information and assignments are pertinent.
7. New material draws on past experiences and is related to something the learner already knows.
8. The threat to self is reduced to a minimum in the educational situation.
9. The learner is able to participate actively in the learning process.
10. The learner is able to learn in a group.
11. The nature of the learning activity changes frequently.
12. Learning is reinforced by application and prompt feedback.
Adult learning principles
20-40 y/o.
Millennials and Generation X
80 million Americans
Cognitive capacity is fully developed but continue to acquire new knowledge and skills from experience;
Learning is oriented towards information that is relevant to immediate life/experiences.
Describe the young adulthood population.
Least amount of healthcare education literature for this age group.
Health promotion is the most important concept, but is also the most neglected.
Desire to be active participants in learning.
Allow them to select what they learn, how the material is presented, and which indicators to use to determine if learning goals are achieved.
Draw on their experiences to make learning relevant.
Self-directed.
What are some young adulthood teaching strategies?
Health promotion
What is the most important but most neglected educational concept for young adults?
41-64 y/o
Baby boomers
20% of US pop.
Best educated, most affluent, potential to live long and healthy lives;
Physical changes begin to take place muscle strength decreases, metabolism slows, body weight increases, endurance/energy decreases, hearing and visual acuity diminish;
Enter teaching-learning situations with confidence;
Physical changes may impact learning;
May feel greater motivation to follow health recommendations OR deny illness/abandon health practices all together
Describe the middle-aged adulthood population.
More relaxed lifestyle OR more stress;
If experiencing increased stress, ability to learn and motivation to learn is altered;
Provide reassurance and compliments regarding learning competencies;
Reinforcement for learning serves as a reward;
Similar teaching strategies used in young adulthood
What are some teaching strategies for the middle-aged adulthood population?
Ages 65y/o and older
12% of US population... will increase to 20% in the next ~30 years;
85 years + make up the fastest growing population;
Most suffer from at least one chronic condition;
Hospitalized longer than other age categories;
Requires more teacher than other age categories;
Educational needs are greater and more complex;
Physical and cognitive changes are occurring;
Slower processing and reaction times;
Decreased short-term memory
Describe the older adulthood population.
Consider relevant sociological, physiological, and cognitive factors for each individual patient;
Utilize memories to your advantage;
Be aware of any stereotypical attitudes that you may possess towards older adults (talking to family instead of patient, leaving out info you would have given a younger patient, etc.);
Remember that older people CAN learn, but their abilities and needs are different;
Tailor educational strategies to meet the physical, cognitive, motivational, and social needs of your patient;
Older adults may feel uncomfortable in the teaching-learning situation, so allow extra time in a relaxed environment
What are some teaching strategies for the older-adulthood population?
Consider physical, emotional, social, cultural, environmental, and learning characteristics PRIOR to educating your patients
What is the crucial first step to an assessment of learning?
In childhood as the individual learns "what works" for him/her
Assessment of patient learning styles is essential for effective teaching. When are learning styles developed?
Visual, Aural, Read, Kinesthetic
Theory takes into consideration that the majority of individuals may be multimodal.
What is the VARK theory?
It is best to have a variety of teaching tools available to use. Remember that pt. preference is not necessarily the best way they learn. Your preferred mode of learning is not always the same as your pt.'s preferred mode of learning. Constant reassessment is key!
How can you best maximize the use of learning styles?
Visual
This mode of learning utilizes diagrams, charts, graphs, and symbols. If you give verbal instructions to a patient that learns best in this mode, also provide something in printed form.
Aural
This mode of learning utilizes processing information through hearing via discussion, group meetings, and web chats. If your patient learns best in this mode, discuss information with your patient in a non-distracting environment.
Read
Learners that prefer this mode of learning can be difficult to distinguish from visual learners. They prefer information in written format and utilized learning from text, reading, and writing.
Kinesthetic
This mode of learning uses touch to facilitate learning. Patients that prefer this mode prefer experience and practice... real or simulated.
multi-modal
Many patients will be ___________ learners.
They can be overwhelming and less effective
What is one disadvantage to educational methods that involve all learning styles?
Patient participation,
Progress towards goals
Effectiveness of educational materials/methods
Did learning occur? Expertise in teaching requires constant reflection by you. What should you evaluate?
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