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Transfusions

Terms in this set (57)

What is crossmatching?
a procedure of mixing patient sample with donor sample to see if donor blood is compatible with recipient blood
How much does a dog need to weigh in order to donate blood?
Greater than 50 lbs
At what age should you retire a dog that is donating blood?
7 years
What species needs to be sedated in order to donate blood and why?
Cats due to behavior and being fractious
Why do we normally avoid sedation if possible when a pet is donating blood?
It can interfere with platelet fxn
How much blood can a dog donate and how often?
Can donate up to 16ml/kg every 3 weeks
How much does a cat need to weigh in order to donate blood?
Greater than 8 lbs
How much blood can a cat safely donate and how often?
11-13ml/kg or 40-60 ml every 3 weeks???
when typing animals, how is a blood type determined?
by the specific antigens found on the surface of erythrocytes
Name 3 different categories of antibodies
Naturally occurring, acquired and pathogenic
What is another name for neonatal isoerythrolysis?
alloimmune hemolytic anemia
What is neonatal isoerythrolysis?
When a negative female breeds with a positive male and the offspring has positive blood. The offspring absorbs antibodies to positive blood the moms colostrum which then causes hemolytic dz and eventually kills offspring.
What does DEA stand for?
Dog Erythrocyte Antigen
What is the most common canine blood type?
DEA 4 positive
What is the most rare canine blood type?
DEA 3 positive
Which canine blood types are the ONLY ones that can have acute hemolytic reactions?
DEA 1.1 and 1.2 negative dogs
why must cats always be crossmatched before a transfusion?
because they have strong alloantibodies and will have a reaction with the wrong type
What are the 3 feline blood types?
A,B, AB
which feline blood type contains weak antibodies?
Type A
which feline blood type contains strong antibodies?
Type B
Which feline blood type does not contain antibodies?
Type AB
What type of cell is responsible for life threatening transfusion rxns?
Alloantibodies
When determining compatibility doing a crossmatch, what do we look for?
Hemolysis or agglutination
Name some common anticoagulants used to mix with blood for a transfusion
CPDA, CPD, ACD, heparin and sodium citrate
Which anticoagulants are not recommended for transfusion blood and why?
Heparin and sodium citrate, because they do not contain any preservatives
What fluid can you dilute pRBC's with?
0.9% NaCl
What is fresh whole blood?
Blood recently collected from the animal whole, not spun down or separated
How long is FWB considered fresh?
Up until after 8 hours of collection
What are packed red blood cells?
Concentrated source of RBC's that remain in a small amount of plasma post centrifugation of whole blood
Why is it important to not transfuse pRBC's in same line or catheter as LRS?
Because it will cause clotting
What is the main indication for giving a pRBC transfusion?
Anemia
Which blood component is frozen and contains coagulation factors but no functional platelets and is commonly used?
FFP (fresh frozen plasma)
What are two categories of immunological transfusion rxns?
Hemolytic and non-hemolytic
What are 2 main categories/types of transfusion rxns?
Immunological and non-immunological
Give some examples of a hemolytic transfusion
Acute hemolytic rxns, delayed hemolytic rxns, and neonatal isoerythrolysis
Give some examples of a non-hemolytic transfusion rxn
Acute hypersensitivity, immunosuppression, acute leukocyte/platelet hypersensitivity, neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura
Give some examples of non-immunological transfusion reactions
Circulatory overload, hemolysis, bacterial contamination, hypocalcemia, hyperammonia and acidosis, hypothermia, embolism dz, hemosiderosis
When performing vitals on any patient, but especially a transfusion patient, what is extremely important to observe/monitor in addition to your TPR?
Pulse quality (wether strong, weak, threats, snappy, unassesable)
Respiratory quality/effort, patients mentation (BAR, QAR, sedated, depressed, sleeping, obtunded)
How many days post transfusion can a delayed hemolytic reaction occur?
3-21 days
What is the most severe type of transfusion reaction?
Acute hemolytic reaction
How can you avoid an acute hemolytic rxn?
By cross matching and blood typing
What species most commonly has an acute hemolytic rxn?
Cats
What rxn can be seen with cardiovascular patients and how would you treat it?
Volume overload, stop transfusion and possibly give lasix
Explain what samples are used in a major crossmatch
Comparing donors RBC's to recipient serum
Explain what samples are used in a minor crossmatch
Comparing donor serum to recipient RBC's
When cross matching, what times are you going to look for?
Agglutination or Hemolysis
Which two additives to donate blood are not recommend and why?
Heparin and sodium citrate, because they do not contain preservatives
How long can CPDA-1, CPD, and ACD store pRBC's if refrigerated?
21 days
How long can the blood last refrigerated if heparin or sodium citrate was used?
24 hrs
How much does 1 unit of blood consist of?
Around 500 ml's= 450 ml's of blood and around 50 ml's anticoagulant
What is the difference between FWB and stored whole blood?
FWB is fresh within the first 8 hrs. After 8 hrs it is considered stored whole blood- no longer fresh.
What does stored whole lack in comparison to FWB?
After eight hours, when FWB becomes stored whole blood, platelet function has been lost and coagulation factors decrease
Which blood component is the treatment of choice for Von Willebrands patients and why?
Cryoprecipitate because it contains concentrated amounts of the von willebrand factor
What is the difference between FFP and frozen plasma?
FFP is good for 12 months from separation of whole blood and contains all clotting factors. Frozen plasma was collected from whole blood over 12 months ago and lacks certain coat factors(V and VIII)
What are your 2 categories of immunological transfusion rxns?
Hemolytic and non-hemolytic
What are 3 types of hemolytic transfusion rxns?
Acute, delayed, and NI
Which transfusion is most commonly fatal?
Acute hemolytic rxn
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