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Ch. 9: Agricultural Transformation and Rural Development

Terms in this set (19)

integrated rural development
The broad spectrum
of rural development activities,
including small-farmer
agricultural progress, the provision
of physical and social
infrastructure, the development
of rural nonfarm industries,
and the capacity of the
rural sector to sustain and
accelerate the pace of these
improvements over time.
green revolution
the boost in grain production associated with the scientific discovery of new hybrid seed varieties of wheat, rice, and corn that have resulted in high farm yields in many developing countries
agrarian system
The pattern of land distribution, ownership, and management, and also the social and institutional structure of the agrarian economy.
latifundio
A very large landholding found particularly in the Latin American agrarian system, capable of providing employment for more than 12 people, owned by a small number of landlords, and comprising a disproportionate share of total agricultural land.
minifundio
a landholding found particularly in the latin american agrarian system considered too small to provide adequate employment for a single family
family farm
a farm plot owned and operated by a single household
medium-size farm
a farm employing up to 12 workers
transaction costs
costs of doing business related to gathering information, monitoring, establishing reliable suppliers, formulating contracts, obtaining credit, and so on
sharecropper
a tenant farmer whose crop has to be shared with the landlord, as the basis for the rental contract
tenant farmer
one who farms on land held by a landlord and therefore lacks ownership rights and has to pay for the use of that land, for example, by giving a share of output to the owner
moneylender
A person who lends money at high rates of interest, for example to peasant farmers to meet their needs for seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs
subsistence farming
farming in which crop production, stock rearing, and other activities are conducted mainly for personal consumption
shifting cultivation
tilling land until it has been exhausted of fertility and then moving to a new parcel of land, leaving the former one to regain fertility until it can be cultivated again
cash crops
crops produced entirely for the market
interlocking factor markets
factor markets whose supply functions are interdependent, frequently because different inputs are provided by the same suppliers who exercise monopolistic or oligopolistic control over resources
Diversified (mixed) farming
The production of both staple crops and cash crops and simple animal husbandry typical of the first stage in the transition from subsistence to specialized farming
specialized farming
the final and most advanced stage of the evolution of agricultural production in which farm output is produced wholly for the market
scale-neutral
Unaffected by size; applied to technological progress that can lead to the achievement of higher output levels irrespective of the size of a firm or farm.
land reform
a deliberate attempt to reorganize and transform existing agrarian systems with the intention of improving the distribution of agricultural incomes and thus fostering rural development
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