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United States Imperialism

Terms in this set (51)

William McKinley
25th president of the U.S.; sent the USS Maine to protect Americans in Cuba; when he was assassinated, Theodore Roosevelt became president
Theodore Roosevelt
fought in the Spanish American War as the leader of the Rough Riders; 26th president of the U.S.; known as a reformer (progressive), and conservationist; he built the Panama Canal
USS Maine
the U.S. battleship sent to Cuba to protect American citizens and property; when it exploded and sank, Americans blamed Spain and it led to the Spanish American War
Cuba
an island off the coast of Florida; it was a Spanish colony; the U.S. helped it gain its independence from Spain in the Spanish American War
Guam
an island in the Pacific that was a Spanish colony; the U.S. gained this territory in addition to the Philippine Islands after winning the Spanish American War
Teddy Roosevelt's Big Stick Foreign Policy
The idea of negotiating peacefully, simultaneously threatening with the "big stick" or negotiations with the threat of military force.
Philippines
a large group of islands in the Pacifc Ocean that was a Spanish colony; following the Spanish American War, the U.S. gained it as a territory (after winning the Philippine-American War); after WWII, they were granted independence
Puerto Rico
a U.S. territory off the coast of Florida that was gained from the Spanish during the Spanish American War
Rough Riders
the cavalry that fought in the Battle for Santiago (San Juan Hill) lead by Theodore Roosevelt
Yellow Journalism
sensational style of reporting used by some newspapers to make a bigger profit (Pultizer and Hearst) in the late 1800's
Spanish-American War
the war between the U.S. and Spain over the colonization of Cuba (the war was mostly fought in Cuba & the Philippines); the war was fought for four months beginning on April 25, 1898; resulted in the U.S. acquiring an overseas empire
U.S. Imperialism
the policy or practice of forming and maintaining an empire by conquest, colonization, economic, or political domination
Monroe Doctrine
policy initially made by President James Monroe and expanded by President Teddy Roosevelt as a way to prevent European involvement in the affairs of Caribbean and South American countries (Latin America)
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
an addition to the Monroe Doctrine allowing the U.S. to be the "policeman" in Latin America
Panama Canal
a U.S. created shortcut through Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans
Reasons for building the Panama Canal
to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans allowing for the faster movement of goods, people and the military.
Open Door Policy
A policy proposed by the US in 1899, protecting United States opportunities to trade in China.
Spheres of Influence in China
one country would have special authority or presence and another country would have a different area of authority. China became divided by European powers. The different European countries supported each other through the spheres of influence because of economic advantage
Dollar Diplomacy
Foreign policy created under President Taft that had the U.S. exchanging financial support ($) for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Moral Diplomacy
Foreign policy of President Woodrow Wilson. Wilson hoped to influence and control other countries through economic pressure, refusing to support non-democratic countries. Helped with the advancement of human rights in Latin America.
The Anti-Imperialist League
Group of influential Americans who believed the US should not deny other peoples rights to govern themselves
Boxer Rebellion
a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there.
Imperialism
The policy of extending a nation's power through military conquest, economic domination, or annexation
Teller Amendment
In this amendment, sponsored by Senator Henry M. Teller of Colorado, the United States pledged that it would not intend to annex Cuba and that it would recognize Cuban independence from Spain after the Spanish-American War.
Platt Amendment
This amendment to the new Cuban constitution authorized US intervention in Cuba to protect its interests. Cuba pledged not to make treaties with other countries that might compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United States, the most notable being Guantanamo Bay.
Roosevelt Corollary
President Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 foreign policy statement, a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which asserted that the United States would intervene in Latin American affairs if the countries themselves could not keep their affairs in order.

Why? It effectively made the United States the policeman of the western hemisphere. It guided US policy in Latin America until it was replaced by Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy in the 1930s.
Taft Commission
Taft become governor of Philippines; commission provided schools, roads, bridges, tax system, sanitation/vaccination, and more rights to Filipinos. It also gave independence in 1946.
Spheres of Influence
Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)
Monroe Doctrine
A key foreign policy made by President James Monroe in 1823, it declared the western hemisphere off limits to new European colonization; in return, the United States promised not to meddle in European affairs.
Treaty of Paris 1898
Signed by the United States and Spain in December 1898, this treaty ended the Spanish-American War. Under its terms, Spain recognized Cuba's independence and assumed the Cuban debt; it also ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States. At the insistence of the US representatives, Spain also ceded the Philippines. The Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899.
Philippine American War
A war fought from 1899 to 1903 to quell Filipino resistance to US control of the Philippine Islands. Filipino guerilla soldiers finally gave up when their leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, was captured.

Why? Although often forgotten, it lasted longer than the Spanish-American War and resulted in more casualties.
Dollar Diplomacy
This policy, adopted by President William Howard Taft and Secretary of State Philander C. Knox, sought to promote US financial and business interests abroad. It aimed to replace military alliances with economic ties, with the idea of increasing American influence and securing lasting peace.

Why? Under this policy, Taft worked in Latin America to replace European loans with American ones, assumed the debts of countries such as Honduras to fend off foreign bondholders, and helped Nicaragua secure a large loan in exchange for US control of its national bank.
DeLome Letter
Letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President McKinley as "weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd" which was published in the Hearst newspaper.

Why? Considered a cause of the Spanish-American War
Spanish American War
War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines in 1898. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Reconcentration
Barbed wire enclosed camps made by Spanish general "Butcher" Weyler to crush the Cuban rebellion during the Spanish-American War. Civilians were kept here so they could not give assistance to the armed insurgents. They had bad sanitation and many people died in these camps.
Foraker Act
This act established Puerto Rico as an unorganized US territory. Puerto Ricans were given US citizenship, the US president appointed the island's governor and governing council.
Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty
This 1903 treaty granted the United States control over a canal zone ten miles wide across the Isthmus of Panama. In return, the United States guaranteed the independence of Panama and agreed to pay Colombia a onetime fee of $10 million and an annual rental of $250,000.
Extreme pride in one's country is known as
Nationalism or Jingoism
Naval officer who through his researched book Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 greatly influenced Teddy Roosevelt to invest in a strong U.S. Navy.
Alfred T. Mahan
Americans overthrew the queen of this island and made it a state due to its value to missionaries and fruit/sugar plantation owners
Hawaii
This soldier-political leader led a rebellion in the Philippines against first Spain and then the United States?
Emilio Aguinaldo
Who was the queen of Hawaii who resisted American control of Hawaii?
Liliuokalani
Who urged Cubans to fight for independence from Spain?
Jose Marti
The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.
annexation
An agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
Alliances
n 1903, the United States negotiated with ____________ for the right to build a canal through its province of Panama
Columbia
What new territory did the United States acquire for $7.2 million from Russia?
Alaska
The sinking of which American battleship pulled the U.S. into the Spanish-American War?
U.S.S. Maine
All are reason the U.S. became involved in the Spanish-American War.
yellow journalism
economic interests
supporting Cuba's desire for independence
Teddy Roosevelt basically said when dealing with foreign affairs, "speak softly & carry a big stick". What does the policy mean?
discuss issues but use your "forces" if you need to
What was the benefit to building the Panama Canal?
could be used as a shorter trade route from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean
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