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World Religions: Hinduism and Buddhism

Terms in this set (76)

Path of Desire
kama (pleasure)
artha (worldly success)
Path of Renunciation
dharma (duty)
moksha (liberation)
dharma
duty
Yoga
a method of training designed to lead to integration or union with god
Upanishads
a collection of texts that form the theoretical basis for hinduism, contain truths about ultimate reality, more than 200
Jnana yoga
The Way to God through Knowledge - for the reflective

3 stages:
1) learning
2) thinking/reflection
3) detach from finite self
Bhakti yoga
The Way to God through Love/Devotion

rejects one self-identity with god-head, view god as absolute otherness
Karma yoga
The Way to God through Work

can be approached through either jnana or bhakti yoga
focus on one task at a time
Raja yoga
The Way to God through Psychophysical Exercises

Five Abstentions:
-Injury
-Lying
-Stealing
-Sensuality
-Greed

Five Observances:
-Cleanliness
-Contentment
-Self-Control
-Studiousness
-Contemplation
Bhagavad-Gita
700 verse scripture, part of the epic Mahabharata, conservation between prince Arjün and lord Krishna, written between 500 and 200 BCE
Arjuna
Guy in Bhagavad Gita
Krishna
the 8th reincarnation of vishnu (the God of Preserver)
Four Stages of Life
1: Student- start stage 8-12 after rite of initiation, learn (habits, culture, character) lasts for 12 years
2: Householder- begins w/ marriage, 3 ways to get satisfaction: family, vocation(calling), community (3 wants- pleasure through family & marriage, success through vocation, duty through civic participation)
3: Retirement - focus on the I within
4: Religious Ascetic (Sannyasin)- the goal (god) is reached, one who neither hates nor loves anything, joined to all
Caste
you are born into a caste and you stay there

1.Seers/Brahmins - intellectual and spiritual leaders, specialized jobs(philosophers, teachers, artists, etc.)

2.Kshatriyas - administrators, talented & skilled at ordering people or projects

3.Vaishyas - farmers and producers, skillful & create everyday necessities

4.Shudras - work as servants, unskilled & short attention spans, goo at hard work & service

5.Untouchables
karma
sum of good & bad deeds of a lifetime
Brahmin
seers, religious leaders


intellectual and spiritual leaders, specialized jobs(philosophers, teachers, artists, etc.)
Kshatriya
administrators

talented & skilled at ordering people or projects
Vaishya
producers (artists, farmers)

skillful & create everyday necessities
Shudra
laborers, followers

work as servants, unskilled & short attention spans, goo at hard work & service
Reincarnation
the cycle of rebirth until moshka achieved
Brahman
one god - thousands of representations
the supreme existence or absolute reality
Vishnu
the preserver
Shiva
the destroyer
Jiva
the individual soul
Moksha
release, spiritual liberation, the end of samsara
Atman
god within you
The Kalpatru Tree
represents the universe
Maya
illusion - tricking us to think its real and ultimate
Lila
gods play
Kali
gods of empowerment
Vedas
most ancient hindu scriptures, written in early sanskrit, includes hymns, rituals and guidance (Rig veda- the oldest and most important of the vedas, 1028 hymns)
Aryans
indo-european
Renouncers
...
Five Impulses
...
Siddhartha Guatama
Born 563 BCE

Fortunetellers predicted he would be the world's greatest kind, or the world's redeemer
asceticism
monks, dedicate life to experience truths

Want to feel extremes of emotions/feelings
-Fast on 1 grain of rice per day
-No protection to elements
Mara
Lord of death, evil one, tried to taunt buddha while he was achieving enlightenment

3 attacks: 1)women
2)hurricanes, rain, flaming rocks
Buddha
Siddhartha, founder of buddhism
Smith's Six Features of Religion
1-authority
2-ritual
3-speculation: Why are we here?
4-tradition
5-grace
6-mystery
Four Noble Truths
1.) Life is dukkha - suffering
2.) The cause of suffering is tanha - desire
3.) To end our suffering, we must overcome desire; nirodha (cessation)
4.) Magga - the way
Eightfold Path
Right: Views, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration
nirvana
end of suffering
tanha
desire
Mahayana (Big Raft)
a branch of Buddhism, and it is where Buddhists worship Buddha as a god.

largest sect of Buddhism - nirvana achievable by all through various means; aid of supernatural forces
Hinayana (Little Raft)
Changed name to Theraveda (look at that flashcard)
Theraveda
A branch of Buddhism, where the people stressed the monastic life as the way to reach nirvana

SE Asian form of Buddhism - nirvana restricted to monks/nuns
Bodhi
True wisdom, enlightenment, what Siddhartha reached while sitting under Bo Tree
Zen Buddhism
Buddhism influenced by Taoism
flower sermon -- Mahakasyapa
Goal: Break language barrier
Students attain knowledge from personal experience
zazen
seated meditation, often for hours/days/months on end
koan
problems/"riddles", reason is limited & must be supplemented with other ways of knowing, flash of insight solves "riddle"
satori/kensho
what zazen, koan & sanzen lead to, intuitive experience, transcend the physical body, explosion of new perspective from within
Vajrayana (Diamond Way)
3rd Yana
Tibetan Buddhism
Vajra (thunderbolt) turned into diamond septor to symbolize spiritual supremacy
Text: Tantra meaning "extension" from Hindu & Buddhist views - intertwines everything
Enables one to reach Nirvana in 1 lifetime
Sex & God linked to reach emotions
audio & visual engagement
Tantra
a Hindu or Buddhist mystical or ritual text, dating from the 6th to the 13th centuries
mantra
Vedic hymn
Dalai Lama
pope like figure, 14th reincarnation of the buddha, supreme being
Buddhism's Three Vows
1- i take refuge in the buddha- the fact that there was an explorer who made this trip
2- take refuge the dharma- he vehicle of transport
3- i take refuge in the sangha- the order, the crew that is navigating the ship
kama
pleasure
artha
worldly success - fame, power, wealth
ramayana
story of the gods Rama, Sita, Ravana and Lanka, covers dharma, relationships and values
The Great Going Forth
Siddhartha Gautama left family - hid in forest for 6yrs

3 phases:
1) Raja Yoga
2) Asceticism
3) Meditation under Bo tree for 49 days
-Mara 3 attacks
-Great Awakening
The Four Passing Sights
Old body - old age
Diseased man - illness
Corpse - death
Monk - withdrawal from the world
dukkha
suffering
right view
the four noble truths
right intent
acting from love and compassion
right speech
clear, truthful, uplifting and non-harmful communication
right action
don't kill, don't steal, don't lie, don't be unchaste, don't drink intoxicants
right livelihood
based on correct action the ethical principal of non-exploitation
right effort
reaching goal requires immense exertion
right mindfulness
developing awareness
right concentration
1st level - mind is fixed on single object

2nd level - establishment of whole being
yana
paths to Buddhism
sangha
the buddhist community of monks, nuns, novices, and laity
anatta
the human self has no soul
anicca
impermanence, everything finite is transitory
arhat
a Buddhist who has reached the stage of enlightenment
samsara
the cycle of life, death, and rebirth
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