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Chemistry

Terms in this set (51)

Chemistry
The study of substances and their interactions
Substances
A type of matter defined by a unique particle
Chemical Name
scientific name "fancy"
Common Name
real life name (Ex: Table Salt)
Chemical Formula
a code that represents the number and kinds of atoms in one particle substance
Chemical Reaction
a process during which the particles of a starting substance (reactants) rearrange to form new substances (products)
Matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
Element
a pure substance that is a basic building block of matter; it cannot be broken down down any further
Periodic table of elements
an organization of the elements based on chemical properties
Symbol
a representation of an element using one or two letters (example: Cobalt = Co)
Gas
a phase of matter that has no definite shape or volume; particles fly independently through space.
Compression
reducing the distance between gas particles by force
Expansion
the increase of volume as a result of applied force or due to increased kinetic energy of particles.
Particles
the smallest form of matter
Kinetic Energy
the energy of motion
Contraction
The decrease of volume due to decreased kinetic energy of particles.
Liquid
a phase of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape. Loosely bonded particles in liquid can flow over and around one another.
Thermometer
an instrument used to measure the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
Tempature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
Solid
a phase of matter that has definite volume and definite shape. The particles of a solid are tightly bonded and cannot move around
Cooling
energy transfer that decreases the kinetic energy of particles
Conduction
the transfer of energy (heat) from one particle to another as a result of contact
Energy transfer
the movement of energy from one location to another
Heating
energy transfer that increases the kinetic energy of particles
Calorie
the unit of energy that will raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
Conservation of energy
an absolute principle stating that no energy is created or destroyed during energy transfers
Equilibrium
a condition in which a system is experiencing no net change
Insulation
material that can reduce energy transfers (can keep things hot or cold)
Dissolve
to incorporate one substance uniformly into another substance at the particle level
Melt
to change phase from solid to liquid
Solution
a mixture formed when one substance dissolves in another
Mixture
two or more substances together
Solubility
the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
Solute
a substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution
Solvent
a substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution
Melting point
the temperature at which energy is flowing into a substance, changing it from a solid to a liquid
Freeze
to change phase from liquid to solid
Freezing point
the temperature at which energy is flowing out of a substance, changing it from a liquid to a solid
Sublimation
to change phase from solid to gas
Evaporation
the change of phase from liquid to gas
Deposition
when a material changes directly from a solid to a gas; opposite of sublimation
Condensation
the change of phase from gas to liquid
Atom
the smallest possible form of matter
Bond
an attractive force acting between atoms
Compound
a substance defined by a particle composed of two or more different kinds of atoms
Ionic Compound
a compound in which atoms are connected to each other with a weak network of bonds (ionic bonds) rather than covalent bonds
Molecule
a particle made of two or more atoms that are held together with strong (covalent) bonds
Precipitate
an insoluble solid product of a reaction
Reactant
a starting substance in a chemical reaction
Product
a substance produced in a chemical reaction
Conservation of Matter
principle stating that no matter is created or destroyed during a reaction
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