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Forensics Chapters 1-6

Terms in this set (89)

Toxicology Unit
Examines body fluids and organs to determine the presence of absence of drugs and poisons
5 functions of the toxicology unit
blood for alcohol and drugs, blood and stomach content and bile and urine, brain matter and liver, shows poisoning or drugs
Frye Standard
Frye v. United States; Is "generally accepted" by the scientific community
Criminalistics
Physical science; services of a crime laboratory; physics, chemicals, firearms, biology, documents, photography
Odontology
Identifies victims when the body is left in an unrecognizable state; teeth are composed of enamel which is the hardest substance of the body so it lasts the longest; characteristics of the teeth and alignment provide individual evidence of specific people
Entomology
The study of insect matter, growth patterns, and succession of arrival at a crime scene to determine time since death
Evidence Technicians
Decide where evidence needs to be sent to be analyzed
Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
The Frye standard is not an absolute prerequisite to the admissibility of scientific evidence under the federal rules of evidence
Lay Witness
An ordinary witness; no expert information on what they are talking about in court
CAD Programs
Computer-aided drafting; reconstructs crime scenes electronically; allow operators to select scale size so that the ultimate product can be produced in a size suitable for court presentation
Identification Evidence
The process of determining a substance's physical or chemical identity; drug analysis, species determination, and explosive residue analysis are typical examples of this undertaking in a forensic setting
EX. Fingerprints, blood, semen, hair
Comparison Evidence
Process of ascertaining whether two or more objects have a common origin
EX. paint chips
Class Characteristics
Properties of evidence that can be associated only with a group and never with a single source
EX. Paint chips from one car model with the same colored paint but cannot tell if it came from a specific car
SICAR
Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval; assigns codes to specific patterns of shoeprints
Forensic Databases
Fingerprint, DNA, others
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