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CHAPTERS ONE AND TWO BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE

Terms in this set (60)

Why do many experiments make use of a control group?
Something to compare to
What are the characteristics of a good experiment?
Many tests, all parts of an experiment present
What is the difference between an inference and a prediction?
Inference = based on observations
Prediction = is a hypothesis
What are the differences between hypothesis, theory and law?
Hypothesis = educated guess
theory = based on experiments
law = proven the same over and over
What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable?
Independent variable = thing you test or change
Dependent variable = thing you measure
Which axis has the independent variable? Which axis has the dependent variable?
Independent variable = x axis
Dependent variable = y axis
How do you determine the magnification of the field of view for a microscope?
Power of lens * Power of Objective = magnification
What happens to the diameter of the field of view when you change from low to high power?
Less to High magnification
How do you estimate the size of a cell or cell structure when using a microscope?
Consider magnification and original size
What do you adjust first on a microscope? What you then adjust when on the highest power?
1. Course Adjustment
2. Fine adjustment
Breathing rate Temperature
19/min 5 deg C, 25/min 10 deg C, 30/min 20 deg C, 34/min 30 deg C,
37/min 35 deg C

What would be a good control for this experiment?
Temperature stays the same and measure
What kind of care must be taken when working with bacteria? Why must care be used when working with bacteria?
Cover body as to not ingest
What should you always wear when around chemicals in the lab?
Goggles
How should broken glass be disposed of?
glass disposal box
First thing if an accident happens in the lab, what should you do first?
Tell the teacher
I found that by combining amino acids and electrical current
Gregor Mendel
I coined the term "cells" by looking at cork in the microscope.
Robert Hooke
Together we determined the double helix shape of DNA.
James Watson and Francis Crick
I was first to look at animal cells underneath the microscope.
Theodore Shwann
I was first to look at plant cells underneath the microscope.
Matthias Schleiden
I developed the theory of natural selection and I am known as the father of evolution.
Charles Darwin
I invented the first simple light microscopes in the 1700s.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
I disproved the idea of spontaneous generation by using covered and uncovered jars of rotting meat.
Francesco Redi
I supported the idea of biogenesis by my curved flask
experiment. My name is a process to keep milk fresh.
Louis Pasteur
I hypothesized that life originated in the early oceans.
Alexander Oparin
We found that methane, ammonia, hydrogen gases from early earth charged with electricity can form amino acids.
Stanley Miller and Harold Urey
I created the system of binomial nomenclature using Latin.
Carolus Linnaeus
I am the scientist who erroneously came up with the idea that traits are acquired from animals from their use or disuse.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
I am one of the first to see the cell structure for cell division.
Rudolph Virchow
What are the ways that living things get energy to live?
Metabolism
What are some of the ways that living things use energy?
Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Chemosynthesis
What are some ways that cells maintain homeostasis?
Sweating, Panting, Shivering, Cell Membrane
How do biological materials respond to acids and bases? What is a buffer?
Acids have pH less than 7; Bases have pH greater than 7. Buffers are solutions that prevent sharp changes in pH.
What element makes all things "organic?"
Carbon
Carbohydrates (Function)
Short Term Energy
Proteins (Function)
Makes up living tissues & organs, also used as enzymes.
Lipids
Long Term Energy Storage, Protection, Insulation
Nucleic Acids
Store Genetic Information
Starch
A macromolecule of sugar used for short term or quick energy.
Cellulose
A macromolecule of sugar used to make cell walls in plants.
Insulin
A protein used in the breakdown of sugar made by the pancreas. Without it, causes Diabetes.
Glycogen
Storage of excess sugar in the liver and used when glucose levels in the blood is low.
Glucose
A molecule used to create Glycogen, sugars needed by the brain for life functions.
Enzymes
Proteins used to lower activation energy to cause chemical reactions to occur.
Hemoglobin
The protein used to bind to Oxygen to carry it in the red blood cells.
Fats
Long term energy storage, protection and insulation
DNA
Genetic code of Life used in replication & transcription
RNA
Genetic code of Life used in transcription & translation.
What does the term "membrane bound organelles mean?" What cell type are they found in?
"Tiny organs" with unique functions covered in a membrane. They are found in Eukaryotic cells only.
What are the three parts of cell theory?
1. All living things are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of all living things.
3. New cells are produced from preexisting cells.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Semi-permeable allowing some molecules in and some out of the cell.
Why must you use stain to look at certain items under the microscope?
Because certain substances/organisms are clear and need stain in order to be visible
Draw how the letter "e" would look as view through a microscope?
Upside down and backwards
How do hormones travel throughout a body?
Since many hormones are lipids, they pass through cell membranes.
Which structures are found only in the plant cell?
Cell wall, chloroplasts
Which structures are found only in the animal cell?
Centrioles (used in cell division)
Give an example of a cell that is adapted for movement? What structure makes this movement possible?
Sperm; Flagella
What organelle is very plentiful in these cells in order to provide the energy for movement?
Muscle cells, Mitochondria
In osmosis, water moves from an area of __________ concentration of substrate to an area of _________ concentration of substrate.
lower
higher
Which way water will move in each of the following situations:
a. Salt inside the cell 65% and outside the cell 40%.
b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.
Water will move inside the cell.
Water will move outside the cell.
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