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Organelles

Terms in this set (17)

cell membrane
-made of phospholipid bilayers and proteins
-proteins are embedded in phospholipids
-fluid mosaic model
-protects and encloses the cel organelles
-has selective permeability
cytoplasm
-80%-90% water
- fluid supporting organelles
nucleus
-most eukaryotic cells have 1 nucleus (exceptions are muscles cells and red blood cells)
-contains DNA in chromosomes and is surrounded by nuclear membrane
-DNA is responsible for storing the genetic code
-has nucleolus which creates RNA and ribosomes
mitochondria
-has an inner folded membrane surrounded by an outer membrane
-double membrane organelle
-evolved from bacteria
-powerhouse of the cell; has enzymes to create ATP from sugars
-found in all kingdoms but monera
chloroplast
-made of stacks of thylakoids, surrounded by a double membrane
-contains chlorophyll
-evolved from bacteria cells
-function is to do photosynthesis
-found in only plants and some protists
ribosomes
-made of RNA and proteins
-made in the nucleus
-site of protein synthesis
-found on ER or floating in the cytoplasm
-few in simple cells; more in larger cells
endoplasmic reticulum
-made of interconnected series of membranes
-involved in transferring and altering proteins
-rough ER
---ribosomes are attached
---involved in protein synthesis
-smooth ER
---produce lipids
---stores and releases calcium
---helps detoxify chemicals in liver
Golgi bodies/complex/aparatus
-shaped like flattened cups?
-packages materials
-helps export proteins with ER
-found in high numbers in cells that secrete
-helps make lysosomes
lysosomes
-spherical membrane bound sack
-full of cell destroying enzymes
-when broken cell undergoes lysis, and the cell dies
-helps separate toes and fingers in development
peroxisomes
-breaks down hydrogen peroxide
vacuoles
-space filled with water and solutes surrounded by a membrane
-sometimes holds waste and sometimes holds food
-plant cells are central and much larger
-animal cells are small
Proteins
-act as anchor in cell membranes
-the relative position of proteins is what causes movement in the human body
-nearly all movement by cells is because of proteins
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cytoskeleton
-hollow protein tubes
-net work of fibers that hold organelles in position
-microtubules come from cytoskeleton
centroles
-cylinder shaped organelles involved in pullin on microtubules during cell division
-typically two at each end of a cell at right angles
-found only in animal cell division
flagella
-threadlike projection
-complex arrangement of microtubules that slide relative to each other in order to move
-9+2 arrangement
-ex. protist movement
cilia
-shorter "flagella like" structures
-often found in rows and mats
-9+2 arrangement
-protist use them to move
-cilia are in our lungs to remove foreign objects
cell wall
-found in bacteria, fungi, and plants
-located outside cell membrane
-rigid support and protection for cell
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