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World History Review Fall Semester - Day One

Terms in this set (39)

City-state
a city and it's surrounding lands that function as an independent political unit
Mesopotamia
fertile crescent
Empire
unites several people, nations or independent states under control of one ruler
Hieroglyphics
writing system in which pictures are used to represent ideas and sound
Dynasty
a series of rulers from the same family
Nomads
people who wander from place to place in search of food
Polytheism
belief in many gods
Pharaohs
Egyptian god-kings
Mandate of Heaven
those in power are granted the right to rule form a divine source
Five Characteristics of Civilization
1. Advanced cities
2. Specialized labor
3. Complex institutions
4. Record keeping and writing
5. Advanced technology
What was the Neolithic Revolution?
Moving from Hunting and Gathering to Farming
Why is the Nile River in Egypt often referred to as "The Gift of the Nile"?
Because of the delta, it brought fertile soil for farming
What was the difference between the rivers of the Fertile Crescent and the rivers of Egypt/Indus Valley?
The Fertile Crescent is rich in its land because its inbetween rivers, and the Nile is desert land
What was the significance of the Code of Hammurabi?
Its creation allowed men and women to read and understand the laws that governed their lives
What is a theocracy?
A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god
Karma
good or bad deeds
Migration
movement of people from one region to another
Phoenicians
greatest legacy was the alphabet
Siddhartha Gautama
founder of Buddhism
Monotheism
belief in a single god
How did the cast system define life in India?
it was closed and it seperated people with only Moksha and Atman
How did Hindu ideas about karma and reincarnation strengthen the caste system?
Karma influences specific life circumstances such as the caste one is born into, health, wealthy, or poverty.
What is the difference between Hinduism and Buddhism?
Hinduism: Polytheism;Vedas;Karma;Brahmins;Moksha
Buddhism: No gods;teachings and life of Buddha;Eightfold Path;Monks;Nirvana
Filial piety
respect for parents and elders
Shi Huangdi
First Emperor of China
Autocracy
government in which the ruler has unlimited power
Bureaucracy
those who run the government
What two tools allowed the Persian King Darius to hold his empire together?
The Royal Road and the use of standard money
What does Legalism stress?
Legalism stressed punishment more than rewards
What does Daoism focus on?
the social order of family and government
What was the purpose of the Great Wall of China?
to discourage attacks by northern nomads
What makes Cyrus the Great unique and famous among the conquerors of the ancient world?
Cyrus believed in honoring local customs and religions
Who was Confucius and why was he important?
Confuciuswas China's most influential scholar; believed that social order, harmony, and good government could be restored in China.
Monarchy
government ruled by a few powerful people
Imperialism
a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially
Oligarchy
government ruled by a small group of noble, land-owning families
Philosophers
thinkers who use logic and reason to investigate universe, society and morals
Hellenstic culture
blending of Greek with Egypt, Persian and Indian influences
Aristocracy
government in which power is in hands of single person, normally a king
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