bio practice tests

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
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Terms in this set (103)
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
stroma of the chloroplast
The Na-K-ATPase enzyme system involves which of the following?
active transport and contributes to the cell membrane's electrical charge
The hydrogen donor in greens plant photosynthesis is which of the following?
H2O
Photosynthetic Co2 is reduced to carbohydrate in which of the following plant processes?
the C4-Hatch & Slack pathway and the Calvin cycle (dark reactions)
The human species has _____ pairs of homologous chromosomes?
23
The stage of the cell cycle in which the cell may incorporate radioactive thymidine into its DNA is referred to as...
S phase
In meiosis (I) homologs of homologous pairs separate from each other, while in meiosis (II), sister chromatids of a homolog separate. True or False?
True
In meiosis, the point of physical contact where crossing over and exchange of chromosomes pieces may take place is known as?
chiasma and anaphase I of meiosis
During the light reactions, how is a large pH difference created across a thylakoid membrane
protons are transported into the thylakoid compartment by the photosynthetic electron transport chain (not all of the above)
How many chromosomes would u expect to find in a human gamete?
23
which of the following molecules is the FINAL electron acceptor in mitochondrial ETCoxygenwhich of the following parts of the chloroplast is the fluid (aqueous) compartment?chloroplast (stroma)at which phase of meiosis will sister chromatids separate from each other?anaphase IIa biological enzyme makes a reaction _______.faster than it would be normally (not al of the above)the process where an electron leaves a chlorophyll molecule leaving that chlorophyll charged is?photoionizationwhich of the following is NOT an example of a plant pigment?cytochrome-aList possible examples of plant pigments-phycobilins (red) -carotene (orange) -chlorophyll b (green)exergonic-GWhere does glycolysis occurin the chloroplasmAlcohol fermentation occurs inthe cytoplasm (bc the same as glycolysis)sybstrate level phosphorylation that makes GTP occurs in?cytoplasm during glycolysis (makes ATP) OR inside mitochondria during the Krebs cycle (makes GDP)where would one find the highest concentration of hydrogen ion (H+) after the electron transportinside cristaeThe cellular reparation reaction depicted at label A isoxidation-reduction reaction (NAD+ -> NADH)The cellular respiration reaction depicted at label B in the figure above?substrate level phosphorylation (ADP-ATP)which of the following molecules is an output product of the ETC and the oxidative phosphorylation processH2Osubstrate level phosphorylationThe enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.During glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by the process of _______?substrate level phosphorylationThe Nernst Equation mathematically defines the electrical charge that should exist across a cell membrane which is due to the existing distribution of ions across that membrane. True or false?trueEndocytosis moves materials ______ a cell often via _____into...membrane vesiclesWhen cells respond to an extracellular signal molecule, they most often convert a protein from an inactive form to an active form. This process is referred to as?signal transductionG-proteins, which act and molecular switches in cells, are in their active form when GTP is bound to the protein. True or false?trueMitochondrial transfer of electrons through the ETC is used to generate a proton gradient by pumping H+ ions into which of the following cellular locations?space between inner and outer mitochondrial membranesIn addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?pyruvate, and NADHADP itself is a structural part of which of the following coenzymes of cell **NAD+, FADH, CoASH, ATP. ADP is part of Allosterism of these coenzymesWhich cellular respiration metabolic pathway is common to both the processes of fermentation and cellular respiration?glycolysisIn order for a protein synthesized in the cytoplasm of a cell to be transported into the nucleoplasm of the nucleus, that protein must contain?a specific localizing sequence of amino acidsThe mitoplasm of a mitochondria contains all of the following except?enzymes for CO2 reduction (fixation) it contains ribosomes, its own DNA, and lipid dropletsRibosomes can be found within a cell?free is cytoplasm, attached to the membranes of the ER, attached to mRNA molecule in a polyribosomeThe process of adding sugars to newly made proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is known asglycosylationmovement to a charged ion in a one-way direction across a membrane is known as a?uniportAs catalysts, enzymes?lower the Energy of ActivationA competitive inhibitor of an enzyme would bind to the enzyme's?active siteThe class of enzymes that break the covalent bonds within polymer molecules like glycogen and nucleic acids by adding water to the bond being to the class of enzymes known as?hydrolasesThe chromosome that is found within prokaryote cells is made of?DNA only (NO protein complexes, lipids complexes or crystal violet)the different colored appearance of bacteria in Gram Staining is due to the difference in the cell wall material surrounding the different bacterial species. True or false?trueWhich of these molecules is made initially by substrate level phosphorylation during Krebs cycle?GTP then ATPThe reesoution that of a transmission electron microscope is?0.2 nanometersWhich of the following microscopes uses a laser beam as a light source to view a specimenconfocal microscopeof the following, the organelle with the largest total volume in an animal cell is likely?the ERa completive inhibitor molecule is most likely to bind to ____ of an enzyme?active sitetwo twisted chains of actin protein monomers about 7-10 nm in diameter are involved in muscle contraction, maintaining cell shape pseudopod movement in some cells, and cytoplasmic streaming are most likely?microfilamentsWhich of the following is most likely to be the first to receive transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum?cis GolgiBacterial cell ribosomes are the same structural size as ribosomes from which of these?mitochondrial & a chloroplastsA primary difference gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria is the staining color of their respective bacterial cell walls in the presence of stains are crystal violent, iodine and saffarin. true or false?trueWhich of the following is likely not a prokaryotebacteriophage (a virus).The electron micrograph shown to the right is most likely a...SEM (Scanning electron microscope)All of these will likely fit into one of the others. Which one can all of these fit in?Chloroplast. A ribosome, HIV,m myoglobin and H2O can all fit inside a chloroplast.Plasmodesmatachannels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cellsDesmosomesAnchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apartThe eukaryotic cellular organelle whose primary purpose is lipid biosynthesis and drug detoxificationsmooth ERA membrane bound sac found in cells which plays a role in maintaining water balance and collects cell wastersvacuoleThe organelle most responsible for the collection, modification, packaging and distribution of proteins is the?Golgi bodyWhich of the following subcell parts most likely consists of a mixture of collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectinsextracellular matrixMovement of a charged ion in a one-way direction across a membrane is best described as asymportUniportsingle solute in one directionSymport2 solutes simultaneously in same directionantiport1 solute in & 1 solute out; opposite directionsThe intracellular junction which functions to impermeable the area between the two adjacent junctionstight junctionplasmadesmadacytoplasmic strands between plant cellsThe organelle that is structured like a centriole, gives rise to flagella, and is embedded in the membranebasal bodycis Golgi bodyreceiving side of golgitrans Golgi bodynext stepThe cytoskeleton protein that is the largest, has hollow tubular structure, and forms spindle fibersmicrotubuleMicrofilamentfine and thread like.Osmosismovement of water from high to low concentrationCells function primarily by enthalpyNO. entropyp680photosystem II and is the center that split water by photolysis releases O2 and H+p700photosystem I that captures electrons into NADP+ creating NADPHThe enzyme that reduces CO2 in C4 plants?PEP carboxylaseC4 pathwayhatch and slack. PEP carboxylase creates 4C and then Rubisco produces 2PGA's (1 CO2 + PEP (3C) combine into ---> 4C acid)C3 PathwayCalvin cycle. Consumes ATP & NADPH in order to reduce CO2 (carbon fixation) into sugar. CO2+5c RuBP--rubisco--> 3C sugarspyrenoidscarbon concentrating centers of CO2 reductionCyclic Photosynthetic ETCmakes on ATPNon-cyclic Photosynthetic ETCmakes ATP and NADPHWhich of the following prosthetic groups are not part of the mitochondrial ETCcytochrome-a, (NAD+, FAD and CoASH in it)What does the light reaction createNADPH and ATPWhat does the dark reaction createNADP+ and ADPPerimitochondrial spacewhere H+ gradient existsStage of asexual cell cycle in which DNA is replicatedS phaseautophagyself digestion of organellesmicrotubules and microfilaments are absent in which of the following cells.nonea cellular reaction that results in an increase of entropy of the products is aexergonic reactionAn increase in entropy releases heat(-)final electron receptorOXYGENif a solution is hypertonic to the cytoplasm of a cell, then it is most likely?shrinkNerst long questionpassive alwaysMicrotubules and microfilaments are absent in which of the following cells?none of theseThe binding of which of the following molecules induces inactive tyrosine-kinase regulator proteins to become active kinasesAMPA signal molecule leads to activation of a membrane bound inactive enzyme adenyl cyclase. Active adenyl cyclase produces which of the following secondary messengercyclic-AMPWhich of the following reactions is responsible for moving the electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from the glycolitic pathway reactions into the mitochondria to be used by the mitochondrial electron transfer chainmalate shuttleklepinfelter syndromenon-disjunction of the X chromosome XXYelectrical voltage of a cell membranemembrane potentialOrganism with a cell wall would have the most difficulty doing what?phagocytosis