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Digestive System

Terms in this set (41)

mouth
Food enters the
mouth
In what organ does digestion begin?
chemical and mechanical
What type of digestion occurs in the mouth?
amylase; salivary glands
What enzyme is being released in the mouth? What is the gland called that releases this enzyme?
esophagus
food travels from the mouth to the...
esophagus
where muscles contract and push food into the stomach
perstalsis
waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract
stomach
from the esophagus food enters the..
stomach
churns and mixes food by using acids
liver, pancreas, gall bladder
3 accessory organs that release enzymes into the stomach
liver and gall bladder
release bile into the stomach to neutralize the hydrochloric acid
chyme
the stomach releases this
chyme
moves from the stomach to the small intestine
small intestine
lined with millions of small villi
villi
take in all the nutrients from proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
large intestine
from the small intestine, the leftover waste travels to the...
water
taken out of the large intestine into the body while the rest of the material waits for excretion
alimentary canal
the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the epiglottis, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
alimentary canal
food flows through the...
liver
produces bile which breaks down
gall bladder
storage of bile from liver
pancreas
pepsin enzyme to break down proteins. produces insulin
mechanical digestion
Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
chemical digestion
Process by which enzymes break down food into small molecules that the body can use
teeth
grinds up food in mouth
tongue
helps chew and swallow food/has taste buds
salivary glands
Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion
epiglottis
A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
jejunum and ileum
mostly for absorption
duodenum
first part of small intestines
receives partially digested food from the stomach
ascending colon
caries feces to the transverse colon
transverse colon
food broken down to make solid waste
descending colon
stores the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum
sigmoid colon
stores waste until it is ready to leave the body
rectum
eliminates waste
microvilli
fingerlike projections that cover villi
blood
carries nutrients to bodies cells
bile
a greenish liquid responsible for mechanical digestion of fats
nutrients
substance in food that supply the energy and raw materials your body uses for growth, repair, and maintenance
6 nutrients your body needs
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
dietary calorie
energy stored in food
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