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HF 8th Grade US History -The 13 Colonies

Terms in this set (32)

Who tried to start the first two colonies in Roanoke, NC & why did they fail? What was the result?
Sir Walter Raleigh tried to start the colonies, by paying for them himself. The first colony (in 1585) failed as they starved to death & the 2nd colony (in 1587) disappeared and no one knows what happened to it. Ultimately, England realized that one man could not finance an entire colony and thus joint-stock companies were formed.
What is a joint-stock company? What are the advantages of a joint-stock company vs a private individual?
a company backed by people who put money into a project (example: starting colonies) in the hopes to earn profits; the advantage is that there is more power in groups of people over an individual and no limit to the amount of money that can be raised
A joint-stock company (Virginia Company of London) financed the Jamestown colony, the first permanent English settlement. Thus, Jamestown was founded for _______________ purposes.
Economic purposes (the company wanted to make $$ from the Jamestown colony)
Why was life hard for colonists in Jamestown?
They battled: poor water, disease, poor climates; also they didn't work hard rather they kept looking for gold
After one year in Jamestown, very few colonists were still alive. A man by the name of __________ _________ took control and said "He that will not work shall not eat!"
John Smith (he took over leadership and because he motivated others to work hard, the colony survived)
Who was John Rolfe?
A man who developed a high grade tobacco which made Jamestown prosperous. He later married Powhatan's daughter (Pocahontas) to keep the peace with Native Americans in the area.
What were indentured servants?
These men and women sold their labor to the person who paid their passage to the colony (so whatever $ they earned in the new colony had to go back to the person in England that paid for their travel)
What was the House of Burgesses?
Started in the year 1619, elected representatives of the colonists (burgesses) would meet once a year in an assembly; The House of Burgesses became:
*Virginia's lawmaking body
*The 1st representative assembly in America (basically the 1st house of representatives)
The government of Jamestown, Virginia was built around a ____________________ system.
Representative system (House of Burgesses...connected to the principle of republicanism)
Nathaniel Bacon started a rebellion. They marched into Jamestown, took control of the House of Burgesses, and burned Jamestown to the ground. What was this event called and what was the result?
Bacon's Rebellion of 1676; after the incident the House of Burgesses passed laws to prevent a Governor from ever getting too much power again (preventing tyranny and working towards independence)
The pilgrims came over on the ____________ ship in the year ________. Why were pilgrims called separatists?
The Mayflower in 1620; Pilgrims were called separatists because they separated from the church that King Henry established (The Church of England)
What was the Mayflower Compact and what impact did it have on the government of Plymouth?
Because the pilgrims landed in Massachusetts instead of Virginia, the charter did not apply. Therefore, the pilgrims aboard the Mayflower signed a pact that they'd obey the laws of Massachusetts. This helped establish the government of Plymouth and the idea of:
-self government &
-majority rule
Who was Squanto?
An Indian that helped the first settlers in New England (Plymouth Rock) by teaching them how to farm/hunt/fish; he helped establish Thanksgiving, a time of good harvest & peace with the Indians
After the Pilgrims came, the Puritans followed. Who were the Puritans and how did they differ from Pilgrims? What was their movement to the Americas called?
Puritans were also persecuted by England. They did not want to separate from the church (like Pilgrims), rather they wanted to "purify" the religion; their movement to the Americas was called "The Great Migration."
Who was John Winthrop? What form of self government did he help to develop?
The governor of the puritan colony; he helped to form a "Commonwealth," a community where people worked together for the good of the whole
Who was Thomas Hooker and what state did he help to form? His people created the first written constitution called the _________________________.
Thomas Hooker was a puritan who moved his colony to establish Connecticut. Member of his congregation adopted the first constitution called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
Who was Roger Williams and what state did he help to form? Why did his views of religion cause conflict?
Roger Williams founded the Baptist Church and fled to Rhode Island. He opposed to forcing people to go to church; this caused conflict in the church
Anne Hutchinson
challenged church authority, believing that a person could worship without a minister or bible.
What were the 4 New England Colonies?
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island & New Hampshire
What was King Philip's War?
King Philip was the english name given for the Native American named Metacom; King Philip's war was between the Native Americans & Puritans over:
-land
-religion
Metacom lost the war & thousands of Native Americans were killed
What were the Salem Witch trials?
Puritans of New England believed witchcraft was spreading through the town of Salem; many were arrested, tried and put to death
What were the 4 Middle Colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania & Delaware
In 1624, the joint-stock Dutch West India Company attracted settlers to the colonies through the patroon system. What was the patroon system?
The Patroon System promised settlers that if they brought 50 other settlers with them to the colony, they would get land and other special privileges; it was a way to build up the dutch colonies
The Dutch settled in a colony they named ______________________; the Dutch were later forced out by the Duke of York and the colony's name was changed to ______________________.
New Netherland; later changed to New York
How did New Jersey, Pennsylvania & Delaware come to be?
-The Duke of York (from New York), gave part of his land to two friends who started New Jersey.
-William Penn was a Quaker and King Charles owed the Penn family money; instead the king gave William Penn land, which later became Pennsylvania.
-Penn later granted 3 colonies their own territory; they broke away to form the state of Delaware.
What are two important facts to remember about William Penn?
-He was the largest single landowner in all of America
-He welcomed all religions and ethnic groups (including Native Americans) to his colonies, promising equality to all
What 3 things attracted people to Middle Colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania & Delaware)?
-most of all, religious freedom
-favorable farming conditions
-nice climate
What are the 5 Southern Colonies?
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina & Georgia
What were the 3 main crops of the Southern Colonies? What was the foundation of the economy in the south?
-tobacco
-rice
-indigo
**slavery was the foundation of the economy (biggest source of $$) in the south
Who was Lord Baltimore? What Act did he pass?
He established the colony of Maryland for Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in England; He passed the Toleration Act, which promised religious freedom (this attracted many more people to Maryland)
Who was James Oglethorpe?
He founded Georgia (*the last of the 13 colonies) for two reasons:
-as a refuge (place of escape) for debtors (people who owed $$)
-as military outpost or buffer against Spanish & French settlements
What geological feature formed the western boundary for the 13 colonies?
The Appalachian Mountains
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