Chapter 11.1

Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a low-pressure storm like a hurricane on Earth. (T/F)
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Jupiter's Great Red Spot is a low-pressure storm like a hurricane on Earth. (T/F)
False
Overall, Jupiter's composition is most like that of _________.
The sun
Why do Uranus and Neptune have blue methane clouds but Jupiter and Saturn do not?
Methane does not condense into ice in the warmer atmospheric temperatures of Jupiter and Saturn.
How many more times is the atmospheric pressure in Jupiter's core greater than the atmospheric pressure at Earth's surface?
100 million
Why is Jupiter denser than Saturn?
The extra mass of Jupiter compresses its interior to a greater extent than that of Saturn.
How do astronomers think Saturn generates its internal heat?
By raining dense helium droplets from higher to lower altitudes, resembling the process of differentiation
Suppose you read on the internet this statement: Abraham Lincoln reported seeing "flying saucers." Based on what you read in the Extraordinary Claims essay, what should you believe this statement? Why or why not?
It is probably false because the idea of flying saucers was not popularized until 1947
Which accurately reflects what a good scientist would say about a group of people who claim to have seen a UFO on some particular night
They have probably seen something but we do not know exactly what
One of the best known claims of UFO enthusiasts is that an alien spacecraft crashed in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947 and that the government recovered alien bodies that they have been hiding ever since at area 51 in Nevada. What makes scientist skeptical of this claim?
It seems unlikely that the government could keep such a thing secret for more than 70 years; no independent evidence supports the idea that anything of non-human origin crashed in Roswell
Process of Science: A prediction based on Newton's theory of gravity led to the discovery of Neptune. (T/F)
True
Why do some scientists think that Jupiter's existence may have been critical for life to evolve on Earth?It kicked out many comets from the inner solar system through gravitational encounters, thus limiting the number of objects that could potentially hit the inner planets.The belts and zones of Jupiter arealternating bands of rising and falling air at different latitudes.Which statement explains the observations that make it seem possible that Mars could have life underground?We have detected water ice on Mars, and Mars still has some volcanic heat.As the mass of the central star increases, the distance to the habitable zone __________ and the size (width) of the habitable zone __________.increases/increasesSuppose that our Sun was cool enough to include Mercury in its habitable zone. Which of the following would be true in that case?Only Mercury would be in the Sun's habitable zone.Scientists think it is very unlikely that complex and large forms of life could evolve on planets that orbit stars that are much more massive than the Sun. Why?The expected lifetime of a massive star is too short to allow for the evolution of complex lifeWhat atmospheric constituent is responsible for the blue color of Uranus and Neptune?methaneWhy do jovian planets bulge around the equator, that is, have a "squashed" appearance?Their rapid rotation flings the mass near the equator outward.Why does Neptune appear blue and Jupiter red?Methane in Neptune's atmosphere absorbs red light.Which of the following does not yield information on jovian planet interiors?spectroscopy of the cloud layersHow does Jupiter's core compare to Earth?It is about the same size but is 10 times more massive.Which of the following planets cannot be seen with the naked eye?neptuneWhy do some scientists say that the Moon may have been important for the evolution of human life?It stabilized Earth's axis tilt and prevented large climate changes.Which of the following places is NOT generally considered a potential home for life in our solar system?jupiters atmosphereWhich of the following statements best describes the general pattern of composition among the four jovian planets?Uranus and Neptune contain relatively more rock and hydrogen compounds than Jupiter and Saturn.Which of the following best explains why Jupiter's density is higher than Saturn's?Jupiter is more massive than SaturnBased on the leading scientific theory of solar system formation, which of the following statements best explains why Uranus and Neptune have a significantly different composition than Jupiter and Saturn?Jupiter and Saturn captured more gas from the solar nebula than Uranus and Neptune.Why does Jupiter have several distinct cloud layers?Different layers represent clouds made of gases that condense at different temperatures.Why is Saturn almost as big as Jupiter, despite its smaller mass?Jupiter's greater mass compresses it more, thus increasing its density.Which of the following best describes the internal layering of Jupiter, from the center outward?Core of rock, metal, and hydrogen compounds; layer of metallic hydrogen; layer of liquid hydrogen; layer of gaseous hydrogen; cloud layerHow do typical wind speeds in Jupiter's atmosphere compare to typical wind speeds on Earth?They are much faster than hurricane winds on Earth.Why do the jovian planet interiors differ?Accretion took longer further from the Sun, so the more distant planets formed their cores later and captured less gas from the solar nebula than the closer jovian planets.Choose the correct description of the interior structure of Jupiter and why it is layered in this way.Jupiter has a gaseous outside layer. Pressure increases inward and layers of hydrogen are squeezed together becoming liquid then acting like a metalHydrogen exists as a gas, liquid, and solid within Jupiter. (T/F)TrueHow do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat?by contracting, changing gravitational potential energy into thermal energyWhy is Neptune denser than Saturn?It has a different composition than Saturn, including a higher proportion of hydrogen compounds and rocks.