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Rome

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (46)

Patricians
Wealthy, land-holding, upper-class, group of powerful Romans. (They were the rich people of Rome.)
Plebeians
Common, regular people of Rome. They were the farmers, artisans, and merchants who had little wealth or power. They elected tribunes to represent them in government. (They were the poor people of Rome.)
Senate
The law-makers of Rome. Made up of 300 members from the Patricians. They served for life.
Consuls
Two officials who headed the Roman Republic government. They were elected by the Senate. One managed the government and the other commanded the army.
Tribunes
People who represented the Plebians in government.
veto
"I forbid" - to forbid/prevent a law from going into effect. Consuls could veto each other's laws.
dictator
A person who was given total power in times of crisis. But the power was temporary.
triumvirate
It is a government by 3 (tri) people with equal power.
Julius Caesar
He was made dictator (absolute ruler) in 45BC. He realized Rome needed reforms, so he gave land to the poor and increased the Senate to 900 members. By increasing the number of Senators, he weakened the Senate's power. He was assassinated by some senators 44BC.
gladiator
A prisoner, criminal, or slave who served as a professional fighter in Rome. The most famous place they fought at was the Colosseum.
Tiber River
The river where Rome was founded.
The Etruscans
Lived in a region just north of Rome called Etruria. Conquered the Romans in 616BC. Introduced the arch and army structure to the Romans.
Republic
A government where some citizens have the right to elect their leaders.
Punic Wars
A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); Rome won all 3 wars and Carthage was destroyed. Rome became the dominant power in the western Mediterranean.
Hannibal
Carthaginian military commander in the 2nd Punic War. Attempted a surprise attack on Rome by crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.
peninsula
Land surrounded by water on three sides. Greece and Italy are both peninsulas.
Pax Romana
207 year period of peace in Rome.
Constantine
Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)
emperor
The ruler of an empire.
caesar
The title given to a Roman ruler.
barbarians
A word that Romans used to refer to anyone outside the empire who did not share in the Greek or Roman cultures. Some barbarian tribes were the Vandals, the Visogoths, the Ostrogoths, the Huns.
persecute
To punish people for their religious beliefs.
Martyr
Someone willing to die for what they believe in.
Crucified
execution involving being nailed to a cross and dying through suffocation
Christianity
A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus
Augustus Caesar
the first emperor of the Roman Empire
mercenary
a professional soldier, typically with no loyalty to the country that hired them
missionary
someone who travels to spread their religion
apostles
Jesus's followers who went on to spread His message
Paul of Tarsus
one of the first Christian missionaries; he wrote several books of the Bible
Diocletian
divided the Roman Empire into 2 parts because it had gotten too big to manage
Constantinople
the name given to Byzantium after it was made the new capital of the Roman Empire; it was the capital of the Eastern Empire
Latin
the official language of Rome; named for the people who settled the city
aqueduct
a Roman engineering feat that brought fresh water from up to a hundred miles away to Roman cities
Colosseum
an amphitheater that was used for gladiator fights and other types of entertainment
Pantheon
a Roman temple dedicated to all the Roman gods
Forum
an open area near government buildings where Romans would go to express their ideas and discuss politics
concrete
a Roman invention that enabled buildings to be built quickly while still remaining strong
Rome
Capital of the Roman Empire
Tyhrennian Sea
Protected Rome from the West
Alps Mountains
Protected Rome from the North
Adriatic Sea
Protected Rome from the South
Ionian Sea
Protected Rome from the South
Britain
Farthest north area conquered by Rome
Israel/Palestine
This is where Christianity was founded (during the Pax Romana)
Carthage
Phoenician city-state that went to war with Rome in the Punic Wars
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