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Ch. 5 Lipid Structure and Function

Terms in this set (53)

Are characterized by insolubility in water and solubility in nonpolar organic solvents?
lipids
Having a phosphodiester linkage within it's structure qualifies a compound to be considered a?
phospholipid
A 3 carbon alcohol that forms glycerophospholipids is known as?
glycerol
Hydrocarbon chains vary by their degree of length and ?
saturation
A fatty acid that only contains single bonds is considered to be?
saturated
Double bonds are notorious for introducing ? into the fatty acid chain?
kinks
The kinks that are present in unsaturated fatty acids are what make it difficult for them to?
solidify
? are always phospholipids
glycerophospholipids
A phospholipid that contains a glycerol backbone bound by ester linkages to 2 fatty acids and by a phosphodiester linkage to a highly polar head group is also known as a ?
glycerophospholipid
Which portion of a glycerophospholipid determines the membrane surface properties of a molecule
head group
The cell-surface antigens on blood cells are well known ?
sphingolipids
What type of compounds contain a sphingosine/sphingoid backbone?
sphingolipids
Many sphingolipids are also ?
phospholipids
There are sphingolipids that contain ? linkages to sugars and are termed glycolipids
glycosidic
Sphingolipids are divided into how many subclasses?
4
The class of sphingolipids that are major components of oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?
sphingomyelins
Cerebrosides and globosides are both considered which type of sphingolipid?
glycosphingolipid
Which molecules contain 2 sugars?
globosides
Gangliosides are a type of sphingolipid that have polar head groups composed of ? NANA/salic acid
NANA/salic acid
Esters of long-chain fatty acids w/ long chain alcohols are known as?
waxes
In plants, waxes are secreted as a surface coating to prevent excessive evaporation and to protect against?
parasites
In animals, waxes are secreted to prevent dehydration and as a ? repellent
water
? are oderforous chemicals and metabolic precursors to steroids
terpenes
Terpenes are a class of lipids built from ?
isoprene
Terpenes are mainly produced by what?
plants
? are grouped according to number of isoprene units present?
terpenes
monoterpenes = how many isoprene units?
2
Terpenoids/ ? are derivatives of ?
terpene
3 cyclohexane and 1 cyclopentane together is called ?
a steroid
A major component of phospholipid bilayer and responsible for mediating membrane fluidity?
cholesterol
What serves as a precursor to many important steroid hormones, bile acid and vitamin D?
cholesterol
Prostaglandins are derived from ? acid
arachidonic
In many tissues, the biological function of prostaglandins is to regulate synthesis of ?
cAMP
What is responsible for mediating actions of hormones, smooth muscle functions, sleep-wake cycle, and increase in body temp associated with fever and pain?
cAMP
A ? is an essential nutrient that cannot be adequately synthesized by the body and therefore must be consumed in the diet
vitamin
carotene is also known as ?
vitamin A
carotene is important in ?
vision, growth and development and immune function
retinal is a metabolite of vitamin ?
A
Retinoic acid is a hormone that regulates gene expression during ?
epithelial development
cholcecalciferol is also known as ?
vitamin D
Vitamin D can be ? or formed in a UV-driven rxn in skin?
consumed
In the liver and ? vitamin D is converted to calcitriol which is the biologically active form of vitamin D
kidneys
calcitriol increases calcium and phosphate absorption in the ?
intestines promoting bone production
Lack of vitamin D is known as?
rickets
vitamin E is known for ?
antioxidants
vitamin K is vital to post translational modifications required to form ?
prothrombin
Which class of lipids is specifically used for energy storage?
triaclyglycerols
Free fatty acids are ? fatty acids
unesterified
a fatty acid salt is also known as ?
soap
The ester hydrolysis of triacylglycerols is also known as ?
saponification
A surfactant lowers the ?
surface tension
A colloid occurs because of the formation of ?
micelles
Micelles are important for the absorption of vitamins ?
ADEK
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