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Anatomy test 2 muscular system

Terms in this set (48)

Muscle functions
Movement, communication, stabilization, heat production, controls blood sugar
Static Stability
Against gravity
dynamic stability
Running, jumping
Controls blood sugar by
Absorbing, storing and using glucose
Subdivisions of muscles
Cardiac, smooth, skeletal
cardiac muscle
Striated, involuntary, cardiocytes
cardiocytes
Mononuclar, branching, inherit contractivity
smooth muscle
"Visceral muscle" nonstriated, involuntary, myocytes
myocyte
Mononuclear, fusiform, inherit contractivity
skeletal muscle
Striated, voluntary, muscle fibers
muscle fibers
Cell, long, multinucleated, need input from nervous system
red muscle
Slow twitch, oxygenated, type 1, slow contracting, fatigue resistant, aerobic (needs 02), lots of myoglobin, mitochondria and blood vessels
White muscles
Fast twitch, glycolytic, type 2, fast contracting, fatigue easily, anaerobic(without o2), few myoglobin, mitochondria and blood vessels
Epimusium
surrounds entire muscle
Endomysium
Surrounds individual muscle fibers
Fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
Perimysium
surrounds fascicles
fascia
a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle
Sarcolema
muscle fiber membrane
Myofibrils
protein structures that make up muscle fibers
Fusiform
tendon, belly, tendon (spindle shaped)
parrallel
6 pack, thigh
triangular
shaped like a triangle
Pennate
feather-like
Unipennate
Fibers on one side of tendon
Bipennate
Fibers on both sides of tendon
Multipennate
tendon branches within muscle
circular
eyes, sphincters
direct attachment
directly to bone
indirect attachment
tendon to bone
origin
proximal superior attachment (stationary end)
insertion
distal inferior attachment (mobile end)
agonist
produces most of force
Synergist
aids the prime mover
Antagonist
causes opposite movement
Fixator
prevents movement
concentric contraction
shortens and causes movement
isometric contraction
contracts but doesn't change length
Ecocentric contraction
contracts and lengthens, controls or counter acts movement
thick filaments
myosin
thin filaments
actin, troponin, tropomyosin
1st class lever (seesaw)
falcrom between load and effort
2nd class lever (wheel barrow)
load between fulcrum and effort
3rd class lever (paddle)
effort between fulcrum and load
compartments
groups of muscles similar in funaction
Types of Compartments
anterior, posterior, medial, lateral
compartment syndrome
accumulation of blood/fluid imside compartment
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