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Unit 6 Restoration American History 2
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Gravity
Terms in this set (62)
How did the end of WW1 contribute to the beginning of WW2?
-Germany was unhappy taking sole blame for the war
-Reparations and depression caused severe economic issues (inflation and unemployment)
-Germany lost territory
-League of Nations was powerless
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator of the Soviet Union
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator of Italy
Adolf Hitler
German Nazi dictator
Hideki Tojo & Emperor Hirohito
Fascist leaders of Imperial Japan
Italy's territorial ambitions
Ethiopia
Japan's territorial ambitions
Pacific region, Manchuria, and China
Germany's territorial ambitions
Austria, Czechoslovakia
List in order areas taken over by Hitler from 1938-1939
1. Austria
2. Sudetenland
3. Czechoslovakia
Appeasement
-Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
- Example: Hitler agrees to no further territorial expansion, but could keep Sudetenland
The Nonaggression pact
-agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland between them
Blitzkrieg
"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces
What event caused Britain and France to finally declare war on Germany?
Hitler invades Poland on Sept. 1, 1939, using Blitzkrieg
How did the U.S. respond to tension in Europe and around the world?
-FDR tried to reverse isolationist policies by increasing the U.S. involvement w/other nations.
-The Nye Committee was created
Neutrality Acts
passed by Congress that outlawed arm sales or loans to nations at war
Cash and Carry program
The U.S. could sell arms and supplies to nations at war (for cash) and transport it on their own ships.
Lend-Lease Act
passed by Congress after the Battle of Britain, which allowed lending arms to any nation that was vital to U.S. security.
Atlantic Charter
a commitment to:
-collective security
-self-determination
-economic cooperation
-freedom of the seas
How did the Nye affect the U.S.'s commitment to isolationism?
Media coverage of the committee convinced more Americans to support neutrality
What caused the U.S. to switch to armed involvement in WW2?
Peral harbor
What are some factors that led to the Pearl Harbor attack?
Japan depended on the U.S. oil imports, but the U.S. didn't support Japanese expansion in the Pacific
Heinrich Himmler
Organized Germany's entire Concentration camps complex
Josef Mengele
The "Angel of Death" of Auschwitz known for his medical experimentation, especially on twins, and his decisions as to who would die.
Joseph Goebbels
Chief minister of the Nazi propaganda, and organizer of Kristallnacht
Herman Goring
Organized a "total solution" to the "Jewish question"
Japan's war crimes
Bataan Death March, Nanjing Massacre
U.S war crimes
unrestricted submarine warfare, sexual assault, murdering prisoners, taking body parts as trophies
Britain's war crimes
unrestricted submarine warfare, sexual assault, looting
U.S.S.R. war crimes
mass killing and mass sexual assault
China's war crimes
torture and assault of Japanese POWs, looting towns, sexual assault
3 theaters of WW2
Northern Africa, European, and Pacific theater
What happens at the French port of Dunkirk?
Over 400,000 allied troops evacuated from Northern France and France had to surrender after Germany captured Paris.
How long did Germany bomb England during the Battle of Britain?
3 1/2 months
What technology allowed Britain to win the battle of Britain?
The lend and lease program helped Britain
Why was controlling North Africa important for both sides?
North Africa controlled access to the Suez Canal for oil
The Battle of El Alamein
Allies gained control of North Africa and then launched an invasion in Italy.
Battle of Stalingrad
-The longest and bloodiest battle of the war.
-Eastern front b/c Hitler is on the defensive for the remainder of the war.
D-Day
June 6, 1944
-led by Dwight Eisenhower
-turning point on the Western Front b/c it opens up a 2nd front in Europe
The Battle of the Bulge
"Hitler's Last Offensive"
V-E Day
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
Douglas MacArthur
general who led the troops in the Philippines
The Battle of Bataan
caused the U.S. to lose the Philippines to the Japanese
Bataan Death March
American and Filipino POWs were led on a forced march of 65 miles
The Battle of Leyte Gulf
allowed the US to retake control of the Philippines
The Battle of Iwo Jima and the battle of Okinawa
represented the culmination of the US "island hopping" strategy, and positioned the US within bombing distance of mainland Japan.
Rosie the Riveter
A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories.
Executive Order 9066
FDR's order to place all Japanese Americans in Internment Camps
Koremantsu v. United States
A 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during World War II.
2 groups that gained new job opportunities as a result of the war
Women and African Americans
Tuskegee Airmen
1st black aviators in the US armed forces
Nisei troops
Children of immigrants and US citizens
Navajo language
to encode US troop movements
Casablanca Conference
Allies agree to only accept unconditional surrender from the Axis power
Tehran Conference
allied leaders plan D-Day
Yalta Conference
-Free elections in all occupied countries after the war
-Division of Germany into 4 zones of occupation
-USSR agreed to join the United Nations
Who became president after FDR died?
Harry S. Truman
Postdam Conference
Truman warns Japan to surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction"
Manhattan Project
A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.
-Led by Robert Oppenheimer
How did Truman decide to end the war in the Pacific Theater?
-used atomic weapons on Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)
V-J Day
Victory of Japan, September 2, 1945
Nuremberg Trials
Trials of the Nazi leaders, showed that people are responsible for their actions, even in wartime
United Nations
An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
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