Unit 6 Restoration American History 2

Terms in this set (62)

How did the end of WW1 contribute to the beginning of WW2?

-Germany was unhappy taking sole blame for the war
-Reparations and depression caused severe economic issues (inflation and unemployment)
-Germany lost territory
-League of Nations was powerless

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy

German Nazi dictator

Hideki Tojo & Emperor Hirohito

Fascist leaders of Imperial Japan

Italy's territorial ambitions

Japan's territorial ambitions

Pacific region, Manchuria, and China

Germany's territorial ambitions

Austria, Czechoslovakia

List in order areas taken over by Hitler from 1938-1939

1. Austria
2. Sudetenland
3. Czechoslovakia

-Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
- Example: Hitler agrees to no further territorial expansion, but could keep Sudetenland

The Nonaggression pact

-agreement between Hitler and Stalin not to attack one another and to divide Poland between them

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces

What event caused Britain and France to finally declare war on Germany?

Hitler invades Poland on Sept. 1, 1939, using Blitzkrieg

How did the U.S. respond to tension in Europe and around the world?

-FDR tried to reverse isolationist policies by increasing the U.S. involvement w/other nations.
-The Nye Committee was created

Neutrality Acts

passed by Congress that outlawed arm sales or loans to nations at war

Cash and Carry program

The U.S. could sell arms and supplies to nations at war (for cash) and transport it on their own ships.

passed by Congress after the Battle of Britain, which allowed lending arms to any nation that was vital to U.S. security.

Atlantic Charter

a commitment to:
-collective security
-self-determination
-economic cooperation
-freedom of the seas

How did the Nye affect the U.S.'s commitment to isolationism?

Media coverage of the committee convinced more Americans to support neutrality

What caused the U.S. to switch to armed involvement in WW2?

What are some factors that led to the Pearl Harbor attack?

Japan depended on the U.S. oil imports, but the U.S. didn't support Japanese expansion in the Pacific

Heinrich Himmler

Organized Germany's entire Concentration camps complex

The "Angel of Death" of Auschwitz known for his medical experimentation, especially on twins, and his decisions as to who would die.

Joseph Goebbels

Chief minister of the Nazi propaganda, and organizer of Kristallnacht

Organized a "total solution" to the "Jewish question"

Japan's war crimes

Bataan Death March, Nanjing Massacre

unrestricted submarine warfare, sexual assault, murdering prisoners, taking body parts as trophies

Britain's war crimes

unrestricted submarine warfare, sexual assault, looting

U.S.S.R. war crimes

mass killing and mass sexual assault

China's war crimes

torture and assault of Japanese POWs, looting towns, sexual assault

3 theaters of WW2

Northern Africa, European, and Pacific theater

What happens at the French port of Dunkirk?

Over 400,000 allied troops evacuated from Northern France and France had to surrender after Germany captured Paris.

How long did Germany bomb England during the Battle of Britain?

What technology allowed Britain to win the battle of Britain?

The lend and lease program helped Britain

Why was controlling North Africa important for both sides?

North Africa controlled access to the Suez Canal for oil

The Battle of El Alamein

Allies gained control of North Africa and then launched an invasion in Italy.

Battle of Stalingrad

-The longest and bloodiest battle of the war.
-Eastern front b/c Hitler is on the defensive for the remainder of the war.

June 6, 1944
-led by Dwight Eisenhower
-turning point on the Western Front b/c it opens up a 2nd front in Europe

The Battle of the Bulge

"Hitler's Last Offensive"

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

Douglas MacArthur

general who led the troops in the Philippines

The Battle of Bataan

caused the U.S. to lose the Philippines to the Japanese

Bataan Death March

American and Filipino POWs were led on a forced march of 65 miles

The Battle of Leyte Gulf

allowed the US to retake control of the Philippines

The Battle of Iwo Jima and the battle of Okinawa

represented the culmination of the US "island hopping" strategy, and positioned the US within bombing distance of mainland Japan.

Rosie the Riveter

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories.

Executive Order 9066

FDR's order to place all Japanese Americans in Internment Camps

Koremantsu v. United States

A 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during World War II.

2 groups that gained new job opportunities as a result of the war

Women and African Americans

Tuskegee Airmen

1st black aviators in the US armed forces

Children of immigrants and US citizens

Navajo language

to encode US troop movements

Casablanca Conference

Allies agree to only accept unconditional surrender from the Axis power

Tehran Conference

allied leaders plan D-Day

Yalta Conference

-Free elections in all occupied countries after the war
-Division of Germany into 4 zones of occupation
-USSR agreed to join the United Nations

Who became president after FDR died?

Harry S. Truman

Postdam Conference

Truman warns Japan to surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction"

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.
-Led by Robert Oppenheimer

How did Truman decide to end the war in the Pacific Theater?

-used atomic weapons on Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945)

Victory of Japan, September 2, 1945

Nuremberg Trials

Trials of the Nazi leaders, showed that people are responsible for their actions, even in wartime

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

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