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Cardiac Meds- nursing Pharmacology

Terms in this set (96)

heart failure (right sided)
blood backs up in periphery
heart failure (left side)
blood backs up in lungs
Antidysrhythmic: prototype?
acebutolol HCl
acebutolol (Action)
blocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors
acebutolol (Uses)
HTN, angina, cardiac dyrhythmias
acebutolol ( side effects)
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, edema, headache, fatigue, ↓ BP, palpation with withdrawl
acebutolol (monitor what?)
Assess BP and pulse.
Monitor EKG.
acebutolol (avoid what)
alcohol, tobacco, caffeine usage
acebutolol: antoagonist?
albuterol
cardiac glycosides: prototype?
digoxin
digoxin (action)
increases contraction and decreases conduction
digoxin(use)
HF, afib, atrial flutter,
digoxin(side effects)
anorexia, Nausea, vomitting, blurred or yellow vision, confusion, fatigue
digoxin(adverse)
bradycardia, cardiac dyrhythmias, thrombocytopenia
digoxin(anidote)
digoxin immune fab (digibind)
digoxin(hold if?)
HR is less than 60
digoxin(monitor?)
serum K+, serum dig levels
digoxin(asses for?)
s&s of toxicity
Antianginal: prototype?
nitroglycerin
nitroglycerin(action)
vasodilation, increase blood flow, and decrease O2
nitroglycerin(used for)
angina, HF, decrease BP hypertension emergency, treat pulmonary edema
nitroglycerin(side effects)
headaches, syncope, fatigue
nitroglycerin (caution)
glass bottle(away from light), gloves when administering, don't use expired, don't apply over hairy areas/defib areas
nitroglycerin ( increase effects)
alcohol, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, benzos
nitroglycerin (decrease effects)
heparin
nitroglycerin (do what every 3 hours?)
rotate patches
nitroglycerin (adverse?)
severe HTN, paradoxical, bradycardi, circulatory collapse
nitroglycerin tabs?
1 tab 5 minx3
acebutolol (adverse)
bradycardia
alpha adrenergic blockers: prototype?
prazosin HCl
prazosin: action?
dilates blood vessels, alpha adrenergic blocker
prazosin: used for?
HTN, BPH
prazosin: side effects?
dizziness, ED, nausea, drowiness, urinary incontinence, depression
prazosin: adverse
Orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, ↑ liver enzymes, pancreatitis
prazosin: cautions
bedtime-> orthostatic HTN, angina
prazosin: monitor?
BP and HR, monitor liver enzymes, weight, retention
prazosin: may not have full therapeutic effect for how long?
4 weeks because its a highly protein bound drug
beta blocker: prototype?
metropolol
metropolol: action?
blocks action of catecholemines(decrease blood pressure and heart rate)
metropolol: used for?
HTN, angina, HF, MI
metropolol: side effets
fatigue, ED
metropolol: caution
OTC drugs, diabetics caution for hypoglycemic effects, don't abruptly stop
metropolol: adverse?
bradycardia, heart block
Ace inhibitors: prototype?
Lisinopril
lisinopril: action
blocking conversion of angiotension 1 to 2, blocks release of aldosterone
lisinopril: uses
HTN, HF
lisinopril: side effects
irritating cough, hyperkalemia, taste altering, insomnia
lisinopril: contra?
contraindicated in pregnancy
lisinopril: asses for?
hyperkalemia, BP, Potassium levels, evaluate lab values for renal function,
lisinopril: caution?
renal dysfunction, angioedema,
lisinopril: adverse?
agranulocytosis, angioedema
lisinopril: monitor?
renal function and K+, and giving diuretics at same time as hypertensives
Angiotensin II receptor blockers: protype?
valsartan
valsartan: action?
Potent vasodilator that inhibits binding of angiotensin II
valsartan: uses?
HTN
valsartan: Side effects
Dizziness, hypotension, headache, fatigue, cough (rare)
valsartan: caution:
Pregnancy, breast feeding, renal & hepatic impairment, hypovolemia, and hyper- kalemia
valsartan: interaction?
Hyperkalemia, renal dysfunction; ↑ ALT/AST
Calcium channel blockers: prototype?
Diltiazem HCl
diltiazem: action?
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
Inhibits transport of calcium into myocardial & vascular smooth muscle cells causing systemic vasodilation (↓ BP)
diltiazem: uses?
HTN, angina pectoris, A. Fib
diltiazem: Side effects?
Peripheral edema, headache, dizziness, bradycardia, abnormal dreams
diltiazem: adverse?
HF, Stevens Johnson syndrome
diltiazem: interactions?
NSAIDs ↓ anti- HTN effects; use w/ other beta blockers or digoxin may result in bradycardia; diltiazem ↑ dig levels
diltiazem: FOOD INTERACTION
Grape-fruit juice ↑ drug level and effects
anticoagulant: prototype?
warfarin
warfarin: action?
Depresses hepatic synthesis of vit. K clotting factors
warfarin: uses?
Thrombo-phlebitis, PE, embolism formation b/c of A. Fib
warfarin: side effects?
Anorexia, nausea, cramps, fever, rash
warfarin: adverse?
Bleeding, purple toe syndrome, ↑ hepatic enzymes
warfarin: interactions?
Many D/I which both ↑v or ↓ med effects
warfarin: anidote?
foods high in vitamin K
anticoagulants: protoype?
heparin
heparin: actions?
Inhibits thrombin which prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
heparin: uses?
Prevent/treat DVT's, acute PE, flushing of lines and arterial line potency
heparin: side effects?
Injection site reaction, anemia, itching, fever, chills
heparin: interactions?
Risk of bleeding when used w/ drugs that affect platelet function
heparin: adverse?
Hemorrhage, ↑ hepatic enzymes, heparin induced thrombocytopenia, risk of bleeding with NSAIDs
heparin: caution?
Thrombo-cytopenia, peptic ulcers, head trauma, hepatic or renal disease
heparin: contra?
Bleeding disorders
antiplatelet: prototype?
Clopidogrel bisulfate
clopidogrel: action?
Inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly inhibiting the binding of ATP to platelet receptors to platelet receptors
clopidogrel: uses?
Prevention of recurrence of MI's and strokes
clopidogrel: side effects?
Abdominal pain, dizziness, epistaxis(nose bleed), headache, fatigue, chest pain
clopidogrel: contra?
Intracranial hemorrhage, GI bleeding
clopidogrel: caution?
Hepatic & renal disease, peptic ulcers, bleeding from trauma
clopidogrel: adverse?
Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, Stevens Johnson syndrome
clopidogrel: misuse
↓ effects if given w/ grapefruit juice
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors:
Rosuvastatin
Rosuvastatin: action?
Inhibits enzyme HMG CoA reductase
rosuvastatin: uses?
↓ cholesterol levels, ↓ serum lipids (LDL and triglycerides)
rosuvastatin: side effects?
Abdominal cramps, constipation, headache, myalgia, photosensitivity
rosuvastatin: contra:
Acute liver disease and pregnancy (cat. X)
rosuvastatin: caution
Alcoholics, renal impairment, Asian population
rosuvastatin: interactions
↑ effect if given w/ propranolol and antacids
rosuvastatin: adverse?
Rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, ↑ hepatic enzymes, hyperglycemia
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